139 
(Collins) ; Delaware (Phinney); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne 
(Phinney); Fountain (Brown); Franklin (Haymond) and (Meyncke) ; 
Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton (Wilson); Jay (M’Caslin); Jefferson 
(Coulter); Knox (Ridgway); Kosciusko (Clark); Marion (Wilson); 
Marshall (H¢ssler); Miami (Gorby); vicinity of New Albany (Clapp); 
Noble (Van Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Steuben 
(Bradner); Vigo (Blatchley); Wayne (Petry and Markle). 
Additional records are: Monroe (Blatchley); Putram (Grimes) 
and (MacDougal) ; Tippecanoe (Coulter) ; Crawford, Delaware, Ham- 
ilton, Hancock, Knox, Madison, Posey and Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood hard, strong, light when well seasoned, not 
warping as much as the preceding. On account of these qualities 
it is a favorite wood among farmers for wagon racks. Uses same as 
those of the white elm and in addition is used for bending stock, 
wagon poles, cross-ties and fence posts. The supply in Indiana is 
almost exhausted. The inner bark collected in the spring, is used 
in medicine on account of its mucilaginous character. 
3. Ulmus Thomasi Sargent. Hickory Etim. Rock Exim. Plate 
63. Similar in appearance, size and habit to the white elm, from 
which it may be easily distinguished in the winter condition by the 
corky ridges of some of the branchlets. The bark of the trunk re- 
sembles that of the white elm; twigs brown and hairy, becoming 
smooth after the first season; leaves oval to obovate, 5-12 em. (2-5 
inches) long, hairy on both surfaces when they expand, becoming 
at maturity firm, smooth, or somewhat rough, rarely very rough, 
dark green and shiny above, paler and pubescent beneath; fruit 
ripening when the leaves are about one-half grown, on pedicels 
about 0.5-1 em. (14-%% inch) long. | 
Distribution. Quebec and Ontario south to northern New Jersey 
and westward to Nebraska and Missouri. The distribution of this 
species in Indiana is not definitely known, although it is believed 
to occur at least in sparing numbers in all parts of the State. It is 
not commonly separated from the white and slippery elm. It was 
no doubt more or less frequent throughout at least the eastern part 
of Indiana since it is known to have been frequent in Noble, Wells 
and Franklin counties. In some parts of the State persons famil- 
iar with timber separate what they call the red elm from the 
slippery elm. They say the red elm is difficult to split, has about 
two inches of sap wood, bark bitter and not mucilaginous; that the 
slippery elm splits more easily, sap wood about 1 inch thick and has 
a mucilaginous bark. It is believed that what is popularly known 
and referred to as the red elm is the hickory elm, because it cor- 
