234 
ain (Brown); Franklin (Haymond); Gibson (Schneck); Hamilton 
(Wilson); Jay (M’Caslin); Jefferson (Coulter); Knox (Ridgway) 
and (Thomas); Kosciusko (Clark); Marion (Wilson); Miami (Gor- 
by); Noble (Van Gorder); Parke (Hobbs); Posey (Schneck); Wayne 
(Petry and Markle). 
Additional records are: Vicinity of New Albany (Clapp); Put- 
nam (Grimes) and (MacDougal); Tippecanoe (Coulter); Fulton, 
Harrison, Hendricks, Jennings, Laporte, Madison, Posey, Steuben, 
Vermillion, Warren and Wells (Deam). 
Economic uses. Wood heavy, hard, strong, close-grained, takes 
a good polish, sap wood light, heart wood light brown, air dries 
well but warps badly in the kiln. Used in building for frame mater- 
ial and flooring, axles, neck yokes, bolsters, sand-boards, nibs for 
scythe and cradle snaths. One of our best woods for fuel. 
The maple sugar and sirup of commerce is made principally from 
this species. The amount and sweetness of the sap depends upon 
the season and the tree. On an average it takes from 3 to 4 gallons 
of sap to make a pound of sugar, and an average sized tree will 
usually yield about 3-4 pounds of sugar. In 1900 Indiana ranked 
third in the production of maple sirup, making 179,576 gallons and 
51,900 pounds of sugar. Formerly there were many ‘‘sugar camps” 
but they are becoming rarer each year. 
Horticultural value. It is adapted to a moderately dry rich soil; 
transplants with some difficulty if trees are removed from the 
forest, nursery stock doing much better; grows slowly, but is hardy 
and long lived; leaf period long. It is one of the most desirable 
and most used of our native trees for ornamental and shade tree 
purposes. It has enemies in the maple borer, tussock moth and 
cottony maple scale. 
5. Acer nigrum Michaux. BriackSucar. Buiack Mapex. Plate 
118. Bark of young trees and the branches smooth and gray, be- 
coming on older trees thick, deeply furrowed, very tight and not ex- 
foliating, usually dark brown to nearly black; branchlets light 
orange color; ridges of leaf scars prominently pubescent; leaves 
usually about as wide as long, 6-15 em. (214-6 inches) long, 3-lobed, 
sometimes 5-lobed, the lobes acute, more or less cordate at the 
base, hairy beneath when young, becoming at maturity dark green 
and glabrous above, a yellow green and remaining somewhat hairy 
beneath, petioles hairy when young, becoming glabrous or nearly 
so at maturity, usually showing some hairs around the swollen base 
which later develop a scale-like appendage on each side; flowers 
