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for forest planting in Indiana. It grows rapidly, transplants suc- 
cessfully and is easily managed. It is propagated by planting the 
seed in the fall and transplanting the seedlings when they are 1 or 
2 years old. If the trees are planted in rows they should be given 
from 16 to 64 square feet of space. Results indicate that when a 
pure planting is attempted the trees should be spaced 4x4 
feet or 5x5 feet. The ash will do well either in a pure or mixed 
stand, provided the associated trees do not over-top it. It is light 
demanding, consequently natural pruning is effective. 
2. Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle. Wuirr AsH. Gray Aso. Bark 
and buds similar to those of the preceding; shoots velvety pubescent, 
remaining so during the season or becoming somewhat smooth, but 
never glabrous; leaves 2-3, 5 dm. (8-14 inches) long, main axis 
pubescent, leaflets on stalks 0.3-3 cm. (1-134 inches) long, the 
terminal about twice as long; leaflets 5-11, generally 9, 5-13 cm. 
(2-5 inches) long, ovate to narrow oblong, usually entire, sometimes 
toothed, rounded, acute at the apex, dark green and smooth above, 
paler and pubescent beneath, at least with numerous hairs along 
the veins; fruit similar to that of the preceding. 
Distribution. Pennsylvania and southern Indiana south to 
Georgia. In Indiana it occurs only in the southern half of the 
State. It is found in situations similar to those of the preceding 
species and under drier conditions. It is associated with Fraxinus 
americana and is equally abundant. 
It has been found in the following counties: Brown, Clark, 
Jefferson, Jennings, Lawrence, Owen and Washington (Deam). 
Economic uses. Similar to those of the preceding species. 
3. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall. Wuitr AsH. Gray ASH. 
Buack AsH. Plate 123. Bark similar to that of the preceding 
species but with closer and more shallow furrows and darker in 
color; the year’s shoots greenish-gray, smooth or hairy, generally 
smaller than those of the other species that occur in the State; 
buds smaller and blacker than those of the preceding species; leaves 
2-3 dm. (8-12 inches) long, petioles smooth or pubescent; leaflets 
5-9, usually 7, the lateral on stalks from 2-12 mm. (1/10-38/5 inch) 
long, the stalk of the terminal 2 or 3 times as long, margins entire 
or serrate; acute or rounded at the base, generally long taper- 
pointed at the apex, yellow green on both sides or sometimes paler 
beneath, smooth or more or less pubescent beneath; flowers ap- 
pear in April or May as the leaves unfold; fruit ripens early in the 
fall, 2.5-5 em. (1-2 inches) long, linear to spatulate, the base sur- 
