260 
before Fraxinus pennsylvanica; samara large, generally 4-6 cm. 
(154-234 inches) long, frequently falcate, the wing generally 8-9 
mm. (14 inch) wide in the middle, commonly obtuse and notched 
at the apex, body heavy, about 2/3 as long as the wings. 
Distribution. New York south to North Carolina and Louisiana 
and west to Missouri. In Indiana it is found in a few counties in 
the southwestern part of the State. It grows in swamps which 
are inundated for several months during the year. A character- 
istic of the tree is to develop a swelled base. An average sized 
tree measured as follows: 6 dm. (2 feet) above the ground, 36 dm. 
(141 inches) in circumference; 12.5 dm. (41% feet) above the ground, 
28 dm. (118 inches) in circumference; 18 dm. (6 feet) above the 
ground, the top of the swelled base 23.5 dm. (94 inches) in cireum- 
ference. 
There are no published records of the distribution of this species 
in Indiana. It has been taken in Gibson, Marion and Posey Coun- 
ties by Deam. Although it has been known for years to be a mem- 
ber of our flora both by Dr. J. Schneck and Robert Ridgway, it 
has never been published. Dr. Schneck’s specimens were labeled 
Fraxinus profunda Beadle. The specimen taken in Marion County 
was from a medium sized tree in moist soil along a roadside. In 
appearance it resembles Fraxinus americana. The existence of 
this tree in this locality is puzzling and additional study may show 
that the species has a wider range than indicated and that it may 
be found in drier situations than inundated swamps. 
Economic uses. Similar to that of the white ash. Millmen who 
are acquainted with the tree say it is rarely ever hollow at the 
swelled base. 
5. Fraxinus quadrangulata Michaux. Brug Asu. Plate 125. 
Bark of mature trees light gray, separating in large thin plates, 
usually curling up at the side; shoots green, gradually turning gray, 
4-angled, or vigorous shoots developing 4 wings about 2 mm. (1/16 
inch) high, smooth; leaves 2-8 dm. (8-12 inches) long, petioles more 
or less pubescent, usually somewhat winged at the base,-not deeply 
grooved; leaflets 7-11, ovate oblong to lanceolate, long taper-pointed 
at the apex, unequal at the base, rounded or wedge-shaped, mar- 
gins usually with a few shallow teeth, sometimes sharply serrate or 
entire, the lateral leaflets on stalks 2-12 mm. (1/10-8/5 inch) long, 
the terminal one on a stalk 2 or 3 times as long, hairy beneath 
when they unfold, smooth or somewhat hairy at maturity, glabrous 
above, yellow-green both above and below; flowers appear before 
