CONTENTS 



f. France 81 



g. Italy 81 



h. Iberian Peninsula °l 



i. Switzerland 81 



j. Austria-Hungary 81 



5. Asia 81 



6. Africa 81 



7. Australia 82 



C. TEXTBOOKS AND WORKS INTRODUCTORY 



TO GENERAL BOTANY 82 



1. Relating to Woody Plants Only 82 



2. General 82 



3. Popular 93 



III. MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY . . 97 



A. GENERAL 97 



1. Miscellaneous Publications 97 



2. Textbooks and Manuals 100 



3. Ontogeny 101 



4. Metamorphosis 101 



5. Phyllotaxy 102 



B. VEGETATIVE PARTS 103 



1. Root 103 



2. Stem 104 



a. General 104 



b. Habit and ramification 106 



c. Torsion of the Stem 107 



d. Spines 107 



e. Buds 107 



3. Leaf 109 



a. General 109 



b. Stipules and bracts Ill 



c. Petioles 112 



4. Appendages 112 



G. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 113 



1. Inflorescence 113 



2. Flower 114 



3. Perianth 115 



4. Androecium 116 



5. Pollen 116 



6. Gynaecium 117 



7. Nectaries 118 



8. Fruits 118 



9. Seeds 120 



10. Embryology 121 



11. Seedlings 122 



D. HISTOLOGY 123 



1. General 123 



2. Structure of Wood 124 



a. General 124 



b. Anomalous structure of wood 126 



c. Annual rings 127 



d. Cambium 128 



3. Pith 128 



4. Tegumentary Tissues 129 



a. General 129 



b. Bark 130 



c. Stomata 131 



d. Lenticels 132 



5. Meristematic Tissues 132 



6. Vascular Tissues 133 



7. Mechanical Tissues 134 



8. Secretory Tissues 134 



a. General 134 



b. Latex cells 135 



E. CYTOLOGY 136 



1. General 136 



2. Cell Wall 137 



3. Crystals 138 



4. Starch 139 



5. Chlorophyll 140 



F. TERATOLOGY 142 



1. General 142 



2. Stem 144 



3. Leaf 144 



4. Flowers 145 



5. Double Flowers 145 



6. Fruits 145 



IV. PHYSIOLOGY 146 



A. MISCELLANEOUS AND GENERAL PUBLI- 



CATIONS 146 



B. TEXTBOOKS 148 



C. PHYSICS OF PLANT BODY 149 



1. General 149 



2. turgidity and tension 149 



3. Osmosis 150 



D. PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND NUTRI- 

 TION 150 



1. Miscellaneous and General Publications . . 150 



2. Textbooks 151 



3. PiiANT Constituents and Composition . . . 152 



a. General 152 



b. Wood and woody plants 154 



c. Methods of analysis 156 



4. Nutrition in General 157 



5. Absorption of Fluids and Gases 160 



6. Conduction of Fluids and Gases 162 



7. Transpiration 166 



8. Root Pressure and Bleeding 168 



9. Exudation of Water 169 



10. Respiration 169 



11. Photosynthesis 172 



12. Metabolic Processes and Products .... 174 



a. General 174 



b. Metabolic processes of fruits 178 



c. Storage and transfer of reserve material . . .179 



d. Acids 180 



e. Gums and resins 180 



f. Latex 181 



g. Oils and fats 181 



h. Perfumes 182 



i. Tannin 182 



13. Color 184 



a. General 184 



b. Leaves, particularly their autumnal coloration . 185 



14. Generation of heat 186 



E. GROWTH 187 



1. General 187 



2. Roots 188 



3. Aerial Roots 188 



4. Increase of Wood and Bark 189 



5. Growth of Leaf 190 



6. Periodicity and arrest of Growth . . . .191 



a. General 191 



b. Leaf fall 191 



c. Casting off of branches 192 



d. Decortication 192 



7. Vitality 192 



a. General 192 



b. Vitality of seeds 193 



c. Age of trees 193 



F. MOVEMENTS AND IRRITABILITY .... 193 



1. General 193 



2. Heliotropism 194 



3. Geotropism 195 



a. General 195 



b. Reversion of shoots and trees 196 



4. Revolving Movements 196 



5. Movements of Tendrils 196 



6. Irritability 197 



a. General 197 



b. Nyctitropic movements 197 



G. REPRODUCTION 198 



1. General 198 



2. Fecundation 200 



a. General 200 



b. Physiology of pollen 201 



c. Xenia 201 



3. Parthenogenesis 202 



4. Germination 202 



5. Vegetative Reproduction 204 



V. PATHOLOGY 206 



A. GENERAL 206 



B. PATHOLOGY OF WOOD 206 



C. WOUNDS AND MUTILATIONS AND REPAR- 



ATIVE PROCESSES 207 



1. General 207 



2. Reparative Processes in Grafting .... 208 



3. Reparative Processes in Cuttings .... 208 



4. Natural Grafting 209 



5. Root Fusion 209 



6. Enclosures and Inscriptions in Trees . . . 210 



D. TOXIC EFFECTS OF GASES AND OTHER 

 SUBSTANCES 210 



