144 PINACE^. 



dense, stiff, and patulous. The "berries are small, globular, scaly- 

 surfaced ; dark purple in colour, and when ripe more or less glaucous. 

 It is hardy enough for our climate, and distinct from the other Mexican 

 Junipers ; and unlike them it produces no sandarac. 



§ 2. OXYCEDRUS: The Prickly, Cedar-like Juniper, 



From o^vc, sharp; and Ksdpog, cedar; the resemblance of their 

 leaves. 



Leaves, generally in whorls of three, spreading on old growths, 

 jointed at the base, minus glands, sharp-pointed, linear, lanceolate, awl- 

 shaped, ovate, concave, decurrent, stiff, rigid, and some of them ribbed 

 and keeled ; some gray and glaucous on their upper face, most of them 

 light and dark green. 



Berries, ovate-globular, of various colours; light or dark purple, 

 blue, brown, red, violet, or yellow; some shining and glaucous; scaly 

 or uneven surfaced ; and the seeds are one, two, three, and exception- 

 ally more, in a fruit. 



JUNIPERUS Canadensis : The Canadian Juniper. 



This is the American form of the common Juniper, or European 

 species ; and it is found in many parts of ]S"orth America, Greenland, 

 the Island of Sitcha, and other north-western habitats : forming an 

 open spreading bush, from three to nine feet high; having small, 

 lanceolate leaves, pale green in colour, with a white or silvery band 

 on their upper surface ; the branches are spreading, somewhat slender, 

 rather short, and weU. clothed with foliage, which is very pungent. 

 The berries are ovate, globular, or roundish; smooth, shining, and 

 dark purple in colour. A hardy, dwarf, and inelegant shrub, 



JUNIPERUS Communis: The Common Juniper. 



This is the most common, most numerous in forms and varieties, of 

 any of the Junipers. It is found in England, Ireland, and Scotland ; 

 the Alps, Apennines, and Azores ; also in Austria, the Caucasus, 

 Denmark, France, Greece, Greenland, Italy, Lapland, ISTorway, Portugal, 

 Pyrenees, Russia, Spain, and Sweden, and in many other parts of the 

 world, in a cultivated state. It attains heights of from two to twenty 

 feet ; in valleys, mountain dells, or moist and shady woods, it forms a 

 spreading though somewhat pyramidal little tree; while on high alti- 

 tudes, very exposed maritime localities, rocky mountains, open downs, 

 poor sandy, or very chalky soils, it is dwarfed down to a hedgehog-like 

 bush. The following summary characteristics of the foliage are appli- 

 cable to the prototype, as well as to all the quasi-species and varieties : — 



