TABLE II. 

 MODES OF CAUSATION IN NATURAL SCIENCE AND IN NATURAL RELIGION. 



1. MONOELECTRIC spirit, imponder- 

 able fluid. — Animistic concept originated by 

 Thales, ^pinus, and Franklin to explain 

 electrical phenomena. 



2. DUOELECTRIC spirits, imponder- 

 able fluids. — Animistic concepts originated 

 and upheld by Dufay, Poisson, Coulomb and 

 others to explain the antithetical attractions 

 and repulsions of electrified and magnetised 

 bodies. 



3. TRI ELECTRIC spirits, imponderable 

 fluids. — Animistic concepts originated and 

 promulgated by eighteenth century philosophers 

 under the names of positive, neutral, and 

 negative electricities. 



4. POLYCORPUSCULAR spirits, im- 

 ponderable fluids and entities. — Concepts of 

 seventeenth century philosophers to explain 

 the causes of the phenomena of light, heat, 

 cold, magnetism, electricity, sound, and vitality. 



5. PANTRANSMUTATIVE foices and 

 substances. — Concepts originated and upheld by 

 Bacon, Locke, Rumford, Young, Davy, Carnot, 

 Faraday, Joule, Mayer, Grove and others. 

 The transmutation of chemical substances, 

 compound and elementary, by ancient and 

 modern chemists. 



1. MONOTHEISM— Judaism and Mo- 

 hammedanism. — Animistic and anthropomor- 

 phic concept of the creative intelligence and 

 the embodiment of goodness. 



2. DUOTHEISM.— Zoroastrianism and 

 Neo-Judaism. — Animistic and anthropomorphic 

 concepts of the antithetical principles of 

 good and evil (Ormazd and Ahriman). 



3. T R I T H E I S M. — Hinduism. — The 

 Hindu Trinity. — Brahma creator, Vishnu pre- 

 server, and Shiva destroyer. 



4. POLYTHEISM.— Egyptian, Grecian, 

 Roman, Scandinavian and Buddhistic religions. — 

 Animistic and anthropomorphic concepts and 

 embodiments of individual principles of all 

 things. 



5. PANTHEISM.— Brahmanism, Bruno- 

 ism and Spinozaism. — Naturalistic concepts 

 identifying the all-pervading and transcendental 

 intelligence manifested throughout the universe 

 with the attributes and modes of the infinite 

 substance of the universe itself 



