Manchester Memoirs, Vol. xlviii. (1904), No. 18. 3 



up to not less than 600 feet above the sea in Scotland, 

 Wales, and Ireland, prove that the land was submerged 

 to at least that extent during the deposit of the boulder- 

 clays. ■"' 



We may therefore infer that the tooth in question 

 was derived from the area of land which furnished the 

 supply of boulders, gravel, sand and clay, or in other 

 words the Lake District or Scotland. 



The remains of the Elephas antiquiis are found over a 

 large area in Britain. They occur in the preglacial de- 

 posits of Pleistocene age in the Forest Bed of Norfolk 

 and Suffolk along with those of the Mammoth, Irish Elk, 

 Bison, Horse, Cave Bear and other fossil species, as well as 

 in the preglacial Hyaena-den of Kirkdale in Northern 

 Yorkshire and in the preglacial caves of both North 

 and South Wales. They occur too in the preglacial de- 

 posit of Selsea on the Sussex shore. They have been 

 found also in the Mid- Pleistocene deposits of the Thames 

 ■ Valley at Grays Thurrock in Essex, and at Crayford in 

 Kent in association with the remains of most of the 

 above fossil mammals. 



The Elephas antiquus lived also in Southern and 

 Eastern Britain in the later or post glacial division of the 

 Pleistocene age, as, for example, in the river gravels of 

 Bedford, and of Bath. 



On the Continent the animal ranged in the Pleistocene 

 age over France and Italy, and is found alike in the river 

 deposits and in the caverns. In the Pleiocene age it lived 

 in the Valley of the Rhone, and in that of the Arno. The 



* The glacialists represented by Messrs. Lamplugh and Kendal account 

 for these marine fossils in the boulder-clay, by the hypothesis that the ice 

 picked them up from the bottom of the sea and carried them uphill to 

 altitudes of more than 1,000 feet above the sea. That the ice took an 

 opposite direction to this, is proved conclusively, not only by the distribution 

 of the boulders from the higher grounds down to the sea, but also by the 

 glaciation of the land which invariably points from the ice sheds to the sea. 



