ON SOME OF THE FOSSIL TETTIGID^. 171 



Cainozoic Period. 



Although after Cretaceous times the temperature 

 was warm and the sea was gradually receding, the 

 Eocene formation is singularly free from fossil insects ; 

 but they must have been abundant in the herbage that 

 supported the Palseotherium, the Xiphodon, many 

 monkeys, and bats allied to our Yespertilionidse. 



The Eocene clays of London, Eeading, Lymington, 

 and Alum Bay, and the Montmartre beds of France, 

 contain leaves of figs, oaks, laurels, Aralia, Sequoia, 

 and other plants. Insects, then, must have assisted 

 in impregnating the flowers ; and such have been 

 sparsely found in the limestones of Bembridge and 

 Gurnet Bay in the Isle of Wight, and also at Creech 

 near Corfe, Dorset; more numerously still in the 

 gypsum of Aix in Provence. In this last place dis- 

 coveries have been made of Cercopidas, Cixiidae, and 

 Cicadellinas. 



In the Middle Eocene we find insect remains at 

 Marne in France ; but the London Clay has not 

 furnished as yet any evidence of the existence of 

 Hemiptera. 



The Lower Miocene (known in Switzerland as the 

 Molasse) has been well studied by Prof. Heer, and his 

 important memoirs form one chief source of our in- 

 formation as to the luxuriant fauna and flora of this 

 period. The fossils of Padaboj in Croatia are referred 

 to Middle Miocene times, and those of CEningen and 

 Schambelen to Upper Miocene, whilst the extensive 

 remains of insects at Florissant, studied by Mr. 

 Scudder, are referred by him to the older series, 

 known as the Oligocene. 



Miocene rocks are represented in Greenland and in 

 Spitzbergen, out of which examples of Cercopis and 

 Fentatoma have been excavated and described. The 

 succiniferous beds of the Baltic and Prussia are 

 referable to this period of the Molasse. They date 



