(JENEEx\L SUMMARY. 201 



representation, by its disproportional head, large eyes, 

 and above all by the strong nervures traversing the 

 wings. — Onyx. 



From the same source, also, I have copied a gem 

 which shows a lioness, which has whelps, as is seen 

 by her teats fully distended with milk. She lifts one 

 paw, as if sporting with one of her litter. The Cicada 

 in the field, in combination with the lioness, may have 

 at first conveyed to contemporary eyes an intnnation 

 of locality, to which no clue now remains ; or else a 

 pretty allusion to the musical reputation of the lady 

 who used the gem for her signet. — Sard scarabceus. 



Fig. 4, Plate lY. Carnelian from the Berlin Museum. 

 A singing Cicada lying on its back. Very good. 

 Explained, however, by Tolken (viii. 357) to be the 

 pupa of a water-insect. 



There are other coins of Athens with representations 

 of the Tettix. One is of bronze, with Apollo nude, 

 holding figures of three Graces in his right hand and 

 a bow in his left. A Cicada in the field on his right, 

 shows his attribute as the song-god. A Cicada appears 

 also on a coin of Amphipolis, which doubtless here is 

 a magistrate's symbol. 



Figs. 8, 9, 10, represent a Cicada finely and cleverly 

 worked in chalcedony or onyx, the white streaking of 

 which helps to miitate the natural markings of the 

 insect. The gem is drilled so as to permit its sus- 

 pension from the neck of a wearer, doubtless as a charm. 

 i)r. John Evans, who kindly lent me this finely-polished 

 specimen from his collection of classical antiquities, 

 gives the period b.c. 300 as the probable date ot work- 

 manship. From Avezzano. Lago di Fucino in Central 

 Italy. 



The survival of the beliefs of ancient days amongst the 

 peasantry of a country, and the interweaving of mystic 

 ideas of the long past with modern superstitions, are 

 subjects of great interest and worthy of research. 

 With the unlettered the symbol soon loses its original 

 significance ; and then it grossly takes the place, or 



