Cadalxt] VII. CAPPARIDACE.E 33 



velli, dry region of (fvl.ni. Leaflets lanceolate. •> in. long, secondary nerves distinct, 

 sepals ovate, the miter larger, veined, petals pale yellow or white, claw long, slender, 

 limb nearly orbicular. Disk process j in. long, hollow, dilated at the end, orange-yellow. 



5. CAPPARIS, Linn. : Fl. Brit. lad. i. 173. 



Trees or shrubs, often climbing, as a rule with stipulary thorns. Leaves 

 simple, often variable in shape and size. Fl. generally regular, often, large : 

 sepals 4. free, mostly imbricate in bud : petals 4, sessile, imbricate ; stamens 

 x, inserted on a small disk, tilameuts longer than petals. Ovary on a slender 

 gynophore, mostly 1-celled; ovules oo on 2-6 parietal placentas. Fruit 

 fleshy, seeds many, embedded in pulp, cotyledons convolute. Species 125, ia 

 all warm regions, not in North America. 



A. Fl. solitary, axillary, nearly all western species. 



1. C. spinosa, Linn. ; Brand. F. Fl. 14.— Syn. C. Murrayana, Graham ; 

 Wight Ic. t. 37!i: C. leucophylla, DC: Collett Simla Fl. 38. Caper plant. 

 Vera. Kabbar, Arab. : Kakri, kander, Pb. : Bussar, Kunawar : Kalvari, Siud. 



A trailing shrub, with long green branches, young shoots frequently downy 

 with soft hairs. Leaves broad-ovate or obovate, thick, mostly glabrous when 

 full grown ; stout, generally recurved, stipular spines at the base of petiole. Fl. 

 1-3 in. across, pedicel equal to or longer than leaf. Petals at first pure white, 

 pink and purplish red as they fade. Stamens longer than petals, filaments 

 slender, purple. Fruit 1-3 in. long, on a strong gynophore, bent downwards 

 when ripe, opening irregularly by 3—4 valves, crimson inside. 



Punjab, Sind, Guzerat (Powergarli), "Western Ghats as far south as Mahabalesh war 

 (here on the western moist face of the Ghats). Inner dry valleys of North-West 

 Himalaya, ascending to 12,000 ft., Western Tibet and Yarkand. Fl. according to 

 locality between January and October. Western Asia. North Africa, and South 

 Europe. The flower buds (pickled) are the capers of Europe. In Ladakh the young 

 leaves eaten as vegetable. 



■2. C. divaricata, Lamk. : Wight Ic. t. 889.— Syn. C. sti/losa, DC. ; Bedd. 

 Manual 13 t. 2. Vera. Wag&ti, .Mar. 



A large shrub or small tree, shoots glabrous or pubescent. Leaves linear or 

 elliptic, stipular spines straight. Fl. green, 2. 1 , in. diam., pedicels \~1 in. 

 Fruit ribbed, tubercled, nearly gloljnse. ■_' -3 in. diam. 



Common all over the Deccan, on stony ground and on black soil in Babul forests. 



Nearly allied : :!. C. hastigera, Hance, a Chinese shrub, also found in Upper Burma, 

 young shoots with minute caducous stellate hairs: leaves with two obtuse I" 1 



the base, - ti 9 lanceolate, entire, the onlj Eastern species as yet known in this 



Bection. I. C. gTandiflora, Wall.— Syn. C. pyrifolia, Wight et Am.; Wighl Cc. t. 1,047, 

 Southern portion of the western peninsula. BrancJilets tomentose. Leaves ovate, 

 acute, jmucronate, pubescent beneath. PL 8 in. diam., pedicels J Jin. •">. c. zeyianica, 

 Linn. Syn. ' '. brevispina, DC; Hook. Cc t. 126; Vein. Wagutti, Mar. Coast scrub 



forests, Ganjam. Western [Wi iln itrj of Ceylon, glabrous. Leaves 01 



Ian late, pale beneath, U-l in., secondary and reticulate tertiary nerves promi- 

 nent. Fl. sometimes in pairs. lj j in. diam. white, petals with a basal blotch of 

 yellow, which turns purple. Fruit \\ in. bright scarlet. 6. C. Heyneana, Wall. 

 Evergreen forests of the Western <;hais from the Konkan southwards, young shoots 



floccose, -1 ipulary spine, minute or wanting. Leaves 8 6in., coriat ts, sh in ing above, 



ovate or li late; secondary nerves prominent, joined by distinct intramarginal 



loops. Fl. pale blue, I 5 in. diam.. sometimes in pairs. 



B. Fl. in corymbs or umbels, western species. 



7. C. aphylla, Roth; Brand. I". PI. 11. fc. 3. Vera. Kuril, Eari, Kair, 

 Kuril, North-West India ; Kiral, Siml : Ker, Kera <•'"/. Mar. 

 A glabrous, almost leafless shrub, at times a small tree, rarely "Jn ft. hiirli : 



