xxx SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS 



81. Acanthacece, p. 496. L. opposite, stip. 0. Fl. bisexual, mostly irregular. Ovary 

 free, 2-eelled, style filiform, bifid, one branch often obsolete. Capsule loculicidal, seeds 

 seated on hard curved acute supports. 



82. Verbenacece, p. 502. L. usually opposite or whorled, stip. 0. Fl. bisexual or by 

 abortion polygamous, usually zygomorphic. Calyx as a rule gamosepalous and 

 persistent, lobes imbricate, stamens usually 4, ovary 2- or 4-celled, 1 ovule in each cell. 



83. Labiates, p. 515. Mostly aromatic, branches usually 4-sided, 1. opposite or 

 whorled, stip. 0. ' Fl. zygomorphic, calyx persistent, corolla usually 2-lipped, lobes 

 imbricate in bud. Stamens didynamous, the 2 upper sometimes imperfect or wanting. 

 Ovai-y free, usually 4-lobed, supported by the annular disk. Fr. of 4 one-seeded 

 nutlets. 



III. MONOCHLAMYDE^E. 



M. frequently unisexual, perianth as a rule simple, rarely a distinct calyx 

 and corolla. 



84. Nyctaginacece, p. 517. (Pisonia.) L. as a rule entire and opposite, stija. 0. Fl. 

 usually bisexual, often involucrate, perianth small, petaloid. Ovary free, 1-celled, 

 ovule 1. Fr. indehiscent, enclosed in the persistent perianth-tube. 



85. Amarantacece, p. 517. Stip. 0. Fl. usually bisexual, perianth of 5 persistent 

 sepals, imbricate in bud. Stamens opposite the sepals, ovary free, 1-celled. Seed one, 

 embryo horseshoe-shaped or annular, surrounding a mealy endosperm. 



86. Chenopodiaeem, p. 518. L. alternate, rarely opposite, simple, stip. 0. Fl. small, 

 perianth of 3-5 sepals, stamens opposite the sepals. Fr. generally enclosed in the 

 perianth, seed one, embryo curved, annular or spiral. 



87. Polygonacece, p. 519. L. alternate, simple, stipules scarious or membranous, 

 usually sheathing. Fl. small, usually bisexual, perianth of 4—6 persistent segments, 

 imbricate in bud, stamens opposite the segments. Ovary free, 1-celled, compressed or 

 trigonous. Fr. a small hard nut, seed one. 



88. Aristolochiacece, p. 521. L. alternate, stip. 0. Fl. bisexual, perianth campanu- 

 late or tubular, 3-lobed or 2-lipped, ovary inferior, placentas parietal, ovules 

 numerous. 



89. Piperaceoi, p. 522. {Piper.) L. alternate, entire, basal nerves 3 or more, stipules 

 membranous, enclosing the buds. Fl. usually dioecious or polygamous, in catkin-like 

 spikes, perianth 0, stamens 1—4, hypogynous. Berry 1-seeded, seed globose. 



90. Myristicacece, p. 523. Aromatic, 1. entire, jienninerved, stip. 0. Fl. 1-sexual, 

 perianth as a rule 3-lobed, valvate in bud, anthers 6-30, usually sessile, ovary free, 

 ovule 1, erect. Seed arillate, endosperm oily, ruminate. In Engler u. Prantl, Natiirl. 

 Pflanzenfam. III. 2. 40 justly placed near Anonacem. 



91. Lauracece, p. 526. Aromatic, 1. as a rule entire and evergreen, stip. 0. Perianth 

 regular, deeply 6-cleft, segments biseriate, tube often enlarged in fr., stamens peri- 

 gynous, normally 12 in 4 circles, those of the innermost circle often wanting, those of 

 the two outermost circles opposite to perianth-segments, anther-cells 2 or 4, opening 

 by valves. Ovary free, 1-celled. Fr. a berry or drupe, seed one, cotyledons thick, 

 oily. In Engler u. Prantl, Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. III. 2. 106 placed in the vicinity of 

 Berberidacece and Menispermaceae. 



92. Hernandiacece, p. 542. L. alternate, stip. 0. Perianth of 4-10 segments, stamens 

 3-5, anther-cells 2, opening by valves. 



93. Proteacece, p. 543. L. hard, mostly alternate, stip. 0. Fl. bisexual, perianth of 

 4 segments, in bud valvately cohering into a cylindrical tube, tips free, recurved. 

 Stamens 4, filaments inserted on perianth-segments. Ovary free, 1-celled. Seeds few. 



94. Thymeltzacece, p. 544. L. simple, quite entire. Fl. usually bisexual, perianth 

 tubular or campanulate, lobes 4 or 5, imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted on the 

 perianth, usually twice the number of lobes. Ovary free, usually 1-celled. 



95. Elmagnacece, p. 546.' Often spinescent, with silvery or brown stellate scales or 

 hairs. L. alternate, quite entire, stip. 0. Fr. indehiscent, entirely enclosed within 

 the lower fleshy part of perianth, seed 1, radicle inferior. 



96. Loranthacece, p. 547. Parasitic on stems and branches. L. entire, usually 

 opposite, sometimes wanting. Fl. regular, i^erianth simple or double, stamens equal 

 to and opposite the petals or perianth-lobes. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, ovule 1, adnate 

 all round to the ovary walls. Fr. usually viscid. 



97. Santalacece, p. 553. Mostly root-parasites. L. entire, stip. 0. Perianth usually 

 adnate to ovary, 5-8-lobed, stamens opposite to lobes, ovary 1-celled, ovules several. 

 Drupe or nut 1-seeded. 



98. Euphorbiacece, p. 555. L. in most genera alternate, undivided and stipulate. Fl. 

 as a rule unisexual. Perianth calycine, several genera with petals. Ovary superior, 

 as a rule of 3 carpels, more or less united, styles 3, ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, pendulous 

 from the inner angle. 



