INTRODUCTION xv 



monographs of important orders in Engler's Fflanzenreich, which will be 

 found quoted in their proper place. Kurz's Foi'i st Flora of Burma appeared iu 

 1877, and it has been a real pleasure to witness how thoroughly this modest 

 but most important work is appreciated and how eagerly it has been used by 

 foresters in Iiurma. A most important help has been the magnificent volumes 

 of the Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, chiefly I. Ficus 

 (1888), II. Artocarpus, Quercus, Castanopsis (1889\ III. -. Magnoliacece 

 (1891), III. 3. Myristica (1891), IV. 1. Anonacece 1893), all by Sir Georgi 

 King, VII. Bambuseai by J. S. Gamble ism;., and X. Dalbt rgia by Lt.-< !ol. 

 D. Prain (1904). The Journal and Transactions of the Linnean Society 

 since 1873 contain numerous papers which have been utilized by me, and 

 which are quoted iu their proper place. The Records of tht Botanical 

 Survey of India brought a number of most important papers by Mr Pottinger, 

 Mr. G. A. Garniine, and C. Marshall Woodrow, Lt.-Col. Wood, Signore 

 Odoardo Beccari, Mr. Duthie, Lt.-Col. Prain and Capt. Gage. Among the 

 numerous publications in other languages which have been useful to me in 

 this work, apart from the two general works edited by Professor Engler, 

 I desire specially to mention Pierre, Flore Forestidre de la Cochinchine, 

 an important work for the study of Burmese trees, tab. 1-400, the last 

 published in 1899, and Koorders en Valetou, Boaiusnrten "/* Java, vol. I.-X., 

 the last in 1904. 



The excellent. List of trees, climbers and woody shrubs of the Bombay 

 Presidency, by W. A. Talbot, ed. II. 1902, has been of the greatest use, 

 and Mr. Gamble's Indian Timbi rs, particularly the second edition 1902 . 

 which I have been able to use from Caprifoliacea> onwards, has been invalu- 

 able, as well as his List of Trees of the Darjeeling District, ed. II. 1896. 

 The Flora of Simla, by the late Sir Henry Collett, 1902, with Miss 

 Smith's excellent illustrations in that valuable book, will be found quoted 

 under the species illustrated. Lt.-Col. David Pram's Bengal Plants 2 vols., 

 I ! « i;i) I have been able to use for the last Orders only, and the large number 

 of additional localities quoted from that book under " addenda " will show 

 how Ear from complete the specimens before me have been with regard to 

 Chittagong and other portions of Bengal. The first volume of Mr. Duthie's 

 Flora oftlie C/ijxr llani/ttie Plain and Dr. Cooke's Flora if llmubay, vol. I. 

 and vol. II. to p. 432, have been most useful to me. 



The Journal if the Bombay Natural History Society contains valuable 

 papers by Hourdilloii, Talbot. Marshall Woodrow and Th. Cooke. A scries of 

 most important papers has been published in the Journal of the Asiatic 

 Socii ty of In ngal, the most prominenl of which are the Matt rials I'm- a Flora 

 of the Malay Peninsula, by Sir George King, now continued by .Air. .1. S. 

 (iambic, whicl mmenced to appear in L890. 



It may perhaps be expected that I should say a few words regarding the 

 geographical distribution of the species dealt with in this volume. Thesi 

 remarks must be brief, ami as a matter of course they must be limited to 

 species described in this volume, trees, shrubs, etc. In the introductory essay 

 to the F/nra Indira by .1. 1). Hooker and T. Thomson of 1855, p. 116, four 

 primary divisions were recognized, viz. : I. Hindustan, including the Western 



Peninsula from I he base of the II i ma lava I.. Cape ( Somorin : I I. The 1 1 una lava : 



III. Eastern India. i<i India east of the mouth of the Ganges; IV. Afghan- 

 istan ami Baluchistan ; and it was clearly set forth in thai admirable essay 

 thai the vegetation of the Western Himalaya had great affinity to that of 

 Western Asia and Europe, and thai genera and species of China and Japan 



prevailed in the Eastern Himalaya. 



Since then a number of excellenl papers have 1 ii published, iu which 



these great primarv divisions have been subdivided, and a larger number of 



botanical regions established. The mosl important oi these papers are: 

 ( '. B. Clarke, the Botanical Subsubareas of British India, illustrated by 



the Distribution nf < 'i//n ear, a . Journal Linnean Society, \\.\IV. p. 1 



