Cochlospcrmum] X. BIXACE.E 39 



Subhimalaj-an tract, from the Sutlej to the Sarda river, Behar, Bandelkhand, Central 

 Provinces, Dec-can and east side of the Peninsula. Fl. February-April. Dry region of 

 the Irawaddi valley. — Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Cambodia. Yields a colourless gum. 



Bixa orellana, Linu. : Wight 111. t. 17: Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 79, Arnotto. Yern. Thidin, 

 Burm. ; a native of America, but long cultivated and naturalized in India, is a small 

 tree with few brandies, leaves cordate, acuminate. Fl. large, 1-2 in. diam., white or 

 pink, capsule reddish-brown, clothed with soft prickles. Seeds covered with a red pulp 

 (originally flesh}' papillae on the testa), which yields the well known dye. albumen 

 farinaceous. Fl. B. S. 



2. SCOLOPIA, Schreber; Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 190. 



Trees, of ten with axillary spines. Leaves coriaceous, the lowest pair or pairs 

 of secondary nerves from the base. Fl. 2-sexual, small, in axillary racemes. 

 Sepals 4-1 i, petals similar to sepals, imbricate in bud. Stamens numerous, 

 anthers opening by slits, connective produced beyond anthers. Ovules few, 

 on 3-4 parietal placentas. Beriy 2-4 seeded. Species lii, 1 in Australia, 

 the rest in tropical Asia and Africa. 



1. S. crenata, Clos ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 78. — Syn. 8. acuminata, Clos ; 

 Trimen Handb. Ceylon i. 70. 



A middle-sized tree, thorny while young, glabrous except inflorescence, wood 

 red, close grained. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-6 in., more or less 

 distinctly creuate. Fl. in axillary racemes, pedicels 1-3 fid., connective of 

 anthers glabrous. Berry green, globose, f in. diam. 



Common in the forests of the "Western Ghats, from North Kanara southwards, 

 Xilgiris, Shevaroys, Malnfid of Mysore. Fl. H. S. Ceylon. Borneo, Philippines. 



2. S. Roxburghii, Clos: Kurz, F. Fl. i. 73. Mergui. Malay Peninsula. Branches 

 mined wit h long, strong, straight and compound spines. Fl. yellow, solitary, connective 

 ciliate, fruit olive-shaped. 



3. FLACOURTIA, Commers. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 191. 



Trees or shrubs, mostly armed with spinescent branchlets, young shoots and 

 leaves often red. Leaves toothed or creuate, the lowest or the two lowest 

 pairs of secondary nerves proceeding from the base. Fl. small, dioecious in 

 most species, sepals 1-.") imbricate, petals 0. Male: Stamens numerous, 

 anthers attached by the bark, opening by slits. Female: Ovary 2-6 celled, 

 the parietal placentas meeting in flic centre, disk annular, lobed. or of distinct 

 glands. Styles 2-10, short, free, or connate. Fruit a drupe with a number 

 of L-seeded stones. Cotyledons orbicular. Species 15, difficult to distinguish, 

 tropica] Africa and Asia. 



A. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate, length of Made more than twice its greatest 



width. 



1. F. cataphracta, Roxb. ; BLurz, P. Fl. i. 71. Vern. Na-ytoi, Burm. 



A middle-sized deciduous tree, w 1 reddish, close-grained, stem armed with 



compound spines, young si ts slightly pubescent. Leaves glabrous, lanceo- 

 late m- ovate-lanceolate, 2-4 in. Sepals hairy within, edges ciliate. Ovary 

 narrowed into a short, cylindrical or Conical style. Stigmas t-6, capitate. 

 Fruit globose, ,' in. diam., stones |il-l t. 



Subhimalayan tract, from Nepal eastwards, Burma. PLCS. 



The following :'• species have the secondary nerves verj prominent beneath: 2. F. 

 montana, Graham. Eonkan, north and south kanara. A very t horny t tee. branchlets 

 softly tomentose. Leaves I 8 in., glabrous above, except the hairy midrib, slightly 

 pubescent beneath. Fl. dioecious in fascicled, densely pubescent racemes. 8. F. mollis, 

 Hook. BIS Thorns. Tenasserim, Eabhin hills of Upper Burma. Branchlets and under- 

 side of leaves densely and softly tomentose. Leaves 5-7 in., elliptic-lanceolate. Fl. 

 dioecious, in short axillary race s. I. F. Inermia, Roxb. ; Cor. PI. t. 222. A native of 



