Garcinia] XV. GUTTIFERjE 49 



1. GARCINIA, Linn.; PI. Brit. Ind, i. 259. 



Trees, rarely shrubs, as a rule entirely glabrous, in most species with a 

 yellow rarely white, resinous juice in the bark, pith and endocarp, perhaps 

 also in the wood. Leaves evergreen, rarely stipulate. Fl. cymose or 

 solitary, polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, petals 4 or 5, imbricate. Male : Stamens 

 numerous, collected in a ring or in several bundles, which surround a rudimen- 

 tary ovary, more often on a central often 4-cornered mass, rarely free. Female 

 or bisexual : A 2-12 celled ovary crowned by a large peltate stigma, which is 

 usually sessile, ovules solitary in each cell attached to the inner angle. Stamens 

 or staminodes generally surrounding the ovary. Fruit with a coriaceous rind, 

 seeds embedded in pulp. The embryo consists of a large homogeneous fleshy 

 mass, the cells of which are rilled with oil. Species 180, tropics of the old 

 world. 



A. Fl. pentamerous, occasionally on the same tree tetramerous. Male : 

 Stamens in 5 bundles surrounding a distinct rudimentary ovary. 



1. G. Xanthochymus, Hook. fil. — Syn. Xanthochymus pictorius, Roxb. 

 Cor. PI. t. 196; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 88. Vern. Jliarambi, Mar.; Beta garige, 

 Janagi, Kan.; Nela mavm, Coorg; Madaw, Burm. 



A moderate-sized tree with dense dark green shining foliage, brauchlets 

 quadrangular, dilated below the nodes. Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong or 

 elliptic-oblong, acute, blade 8-14, petiole f-1 in., thick, channelled on the 

 upper side, secondary nerves numerous, parallel, alternating with shorter inter- 

 mediate nerves. Fl. fasciculate on thick uneven axillary protuberances, 

 pedicels 1 in., petals I in., orbicular, spreading, thin. Male: Stamens in 5 

 broad bundles of 8-5, on a fleshy lobed disk. Bisexual: ovary 5-celled. 

 stigma 5-lobed. Fruit dark yellow 2-3 in. diam. 



Sikkiin. ascending ti>:-S,000 ft.. Assam. Klinsi and Chittagong hills. Burma. Andamans. 

 Western Peninsula, in the Ci rears, but chiefly in the evergreen forests along the 

 Western Ghats, from North Kanara southwards. Fl. H. S. Fr. C. S. Also in Penang. 



2. G. spicata, Hook. fil. ; Trimen Handb. Ceyl. i. 98.— Syn. G. ovalifolia, 

 Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 2(>9 (■/. spicata is the older name and G. ovalifolia, Oliver, is 

 an African species). Vern. Haldi, Mar. 



A moderate-sized tree, with wide-spreading branches, brauchlets angular. 

 Leaves broadly elliptic, obtuse, secondary nerves numerous, blade 3-6, petiole 

 4_-i in. Fl. on short pedicels, fasciculate on axillary protuberances (unde- 

 veloped branchletst, which frequently lengthen out and form spiciform racemes 

 up to (i in. long. Ovary 3-4 celled, stigma 3-5 lobed. Fruit green, the size 

 of a walnut. 



Western Ghats, from Matheran southwards. On the east side near the Pulicat lake. 

 Fl. 11. S. Also in Ceylon. A var. with larger Land H. mi tin- ghats of tin- Konkanand 

 of Kanara, PI. 0. S. (Cooke, Fl. Bombay i. 79). :i. G. andamanica, King, Andamans 

 (Q. dulcis, Kurz, P. PI. i. 92). Branchlets thick, angular, pulieseent. I.rav.s s n in.. 

 from a broad base elongate-ovate, secondary nerves II Hi pair, prominent !>eneath. 

 Fruit bright yellow I U in. crowned by the persistent 5-lobed stigma. 



B. Fl. tetramerous. Male: Stamens surrounding a rudimentary ovary. 

 Female: ovary 5-12 celled. 



4. G. Mangostana, Linn. Tin Maiigosti ■< n. Vern. Miiignt, Burin. 



An evergreen glabrous middle-sized tree, attaining under favourable circum- 

 stances fH< ft. and more. Leaves thickly coriaceous, 6-10 in., elliptic-oblong, 

 secondary nerves numerous, parallel, alternating with shorter intermediate 



nerves, joined by distinct iutrainargiua I veins. Fl. as a rule bisexual. Solitary 

 Br in pairs at the ends of branelilets, 2 iu.diain. Stamens many, filaments 

 slender. Hat at base and sometimes connate, anthers ovate-oblong, 2 -celled. 

 Ovary ."> Seeded, stigma sessile, thick, 6-8 Lobed. Male fl, described by Rox- 



