124 XXVI. SIMARUBACE.E [Samadera 



Order XXVI. SIMARUBACE^I. Gen. PI. i. 306. 



(In Eagler u. Prantl iii. 4. 355 Balanites is placed under Zygopliyllacece). 



Shrubs or trees with bitter bark, 1. alternate, simple or compound, not 

 gland-dotted, stipules none, sometimes stipular prickles, hairs almost always 

 1-celled. Fl. regular, often unisexual, sepals 3-5, usually connate, petals 

 3-5, mostly imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as petals, or double the 

 number, inserted outside the disk, which is annular, cupular, sometimes 

 elongate into a gynophore, filaments free. Ovary of 1-5 usually more or 

 less distinct carj>els, generally 1 ovule in each. Fr. carpels 1-seeded. 



A. L. simple, entire. 



L. 7-10 in. long, elliptic-oblong coriaceous, shining 1. Samadera. 



L. 1 in. long, linear spathnlate, silky velvety . . Suriaxa (p. 124). 



B. L. '2-foliate, fl. 2-sexual, 5-merous, stamens 10 . .2. Balanites. 



C. L. imparipinnate or 3-foliolate. 



Fl. bisexual, 4-6-merous, stamens 8-12 . . . .3. Harrisonia. 



Fl. polygamous, fr. winged 4. Ailanthus. 



Fl. polygamous or unisexual, fr. not winged. 



Leaflets 15-20 pair, coriaceous, fl. 5-merons, stamens 5 Ecrycoma (p. 127). 

 Leaflets 1-6 pair, fl. 4-o-merous, stamens 4-5, drupes 2-4. 

 Drupes supported by persistent calyx and petals . 5. Picrasma. 

 Calyx and petals deciduous . . . . .6. Brucea. 



1. SAMADERA, Gaertn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 518. 



Species 7, from Madagascar to Polynesia. 



S. indica, Gaertn. ; Wight 111. t. 68. "Vera. Karinghota, Mai. ; Kathi, Burm. 



A small glabrous tree, wood soft, bark transversely cracked. L. simple, 

 coriaceous, shining, elliptic-oblong, quite entire, 7-10 in. long. Fl. bisexual, 

 4-merous, pinkish-yellow, in pedunculate umbels, petals oblong, |-1 in. long, 

 stamens 8, filaments with a small hairy scale at base, ovary on a gynophore, 

 deeply 4-lobed. Fruit of one carpel, thickly coriaceous, shining, compressed, 

 keeled, 2 by l 1 - in. 



South Konkan and Malabar on banks of streams, Mei'gui. Fl. March.— Ceylon, Indian 

 Archipelago. Bark (niepa) used as a febrifuge. Oil made of the seeds. S. hwida, 

 "Wall. Fl. As. Rar. t. 168; Tenasserim, Andaman islands, umbels on short peduncles, 

 fr. smaller strongly reticulate, probably is only a variety. 



Suriana maritima, Linn., is a small shrub common on the sea coast throughout the 

 tropics. On the Andarnans, may be found on the coast of Burma, rare in Ceylon. 

 Leaves simple entire, linear-spathulate, 1 in. long, silky velvety. Fl. yellow on short 

 axillary racemes, petals J in. long. 



2. BALANITES, Delile ; Fl. Brit, Ind. i. 522. 



Shrubs or small trees, usually armed with axillary or supra-axillaiy spines, 

 leaves 2-foliate, leaflets entire. Fl. bisexual, 5-merous, stamens 10, in- 

 serted at the base of the fleshy cup-shaped 10-furrowed disk. Ovary pilose, 

 5-celled, 1 ovule in each cell. Fr. a drupe, endocarp bony or crustaceous, seed 1. 

 Cotyledons thick, plane-convex, albumen 0. Species 2 or 3, in the dry regions 

 of North Africa, Abyssinia, Arabia and Syria. 



B. Roxburghii, Planchon; Brandis, F. Fl. 59. — Syn. B. cegyptiaca, 



Wight, Ic. t. 274. Tern. Hingu, Hingan, Hingota, Hind.; Thit-palwe, Burm. 



A scraggy shrub, in favourable situations a small tree 30 ft. high, wood 



