130 XXVIII. BURSERACE^E [Boswellia 



A deciduous, middle-sized tree with a spreading flat crown. Bark nearly 

 £ in. thick, greenish ash-coloured, peeling off in thin smooth flakes. Young 

 shoots and leaves pubescent, with simple hairs. L. imparipinnate, crowded 

 at the ends of branches, leaflets 8-15 pair, opposite or nearly opposite, 

 sessile, lanceolate, more or less deeply crenate, apes generally obtuse. El. bi- 

 sexual, calyx small 5-7-cleft, petals 5-7. Stamens 10-12, inserted at the base 

 of the red annular, fleshy disk. Ovary 3-celled, half immersed in the disk, 2 

 collateral ovules in each cell. Fr. 3-valved, the valves separating from the 

 dissepiments, which remain attached to the axis. Seeds 3, enclosed in heart- 

 shaped stones attached to the inner angle. Cotyledons trifid, lobes laciniate, 

 radicle superior. 



Subhiinalayan tract, from the Sutlej eastwards and throughout the drier parts of the 

 Western Peninsula to within 10-20 miles of the "Western Ghats. Always in deciduous 

 forests, and often gregarious, forming open forests, associated with Sterculia urens. 

 The leaves fall about March and April, the fresh foliage comes out in June. PI. 

 when the tree is leafless, sometimes before the old leaves fall or after the fresh leaves 

 have appeared. Coppices well and grows readily from cuttings. 



2. CANARIUM, Linn. ; El. Brit. Ind. i. 531. 



Evergreen, balsamiferous trees. L. imparipinnate, sometimes stipulate, 

 leaflets coriaceous. El. polygamous, the male in long, the female (with rudi- 

 mentary stamens) in short panicles, usually trimerous, calyx cup-shaped or 

 campanulate. Stamens 6, filaments connate into a tube, or free and inserted 

 on the edge of or outside an annular disk, ovary 2-3-celled, ovules 2 in each 

 cell. Drupe more or less distinctly trigonous, stone 1-3-celled, cotyledons con- 

 tortuplicate. Species 30-50, tropics of the Old World. 



A. Filaments connate into a tube. 



1. C. strictum, Roxb. ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 128; King in Journ. As. Soc. 

 Beng. vol. 62 (1893), t. 11. Black clammer tree. Vern. Manda dhup, Red 

 dhup, Kan. ; Eundri Earn, Tarn. ; Thelli, Mai. 



A very large tree, the young foliage brilliant crimson, branchlets, petiole, 

 midrib and nerves beneath densely clothed with soft reddish-brown tomentum, 

 leaflets 3-4 pair, serrate or crenulate while young, 3-6 in. long, sec. 

 n. prominent beneath. $ : Fl. ^ in. long, in a narrow racemiform panicle 

 6-9 in. long, calyx tubular with 3 shallow broad teeth, petals coriaceous, 

 oblong, rudimentary ovary depressed, lobed, hispid. ? : Fl. h in. long, in short 

 few-fld. racemes. Drupe 1|- in. long. 



Evergreen forests along the Western Ghats to 4,500 ft., from the Konkan southwards. 

 PI. H. S. Pr. C. S. A black dammar exudes from incisions in the trunk, and is 

 an article of local trade. 2. C. bengalense, Roxb. ; King I.e. t. 10. Assam and 

 Silhet, (Vern. Nerebi, Sibsagar). A tall glabrous tree, leaflets 5-10 pair, entire, 3-7 in. 

 long, calyx campanulate, 3 broad shallow teeth, drupe 1^ in. A clear amber-like 

 resin exudes from wounds in the bark. 3. C. euphyllum, Kurz. North Arakan and 

 South Andaman, branchlets very stout, youngest shoots puberulous. L. glabrous 

 when full grown, 2-3 ft. long, leaflets with an unequal-sided base, rounded or sub- 

 cordate, calyx cut half-way down into 3 broad teeth, drupe ovoid, not trigonous, 

 1J in. long. 



4. C. sikkimense, King, I.e. t. 12. Vern. Gogid dhup, Nepal. 



A very tall tree, wood white, open grained, soft, light, branchlets, petioles and 

 under side of leaves rusty-tomentose. Leaflets 5 pair, broadly ovate or elliptic, 

 minutely crenate-serrate, upper surface glabrous, shining. Calyx campanulate, 

 cut to £ its length into 3 broad obtuse teeth. Drupe narrowly cylindric or 

 obovoid, If in. long. 



Sikkim, outer valleys to 3,000 ft. Resin used as incense. 5. C. reslniierum, Brace, 

 Assam and Khasi hills, King I.e. t. 13 {Dhuna or Dhtta, Assam), leaflets almost 

 glabrous, resin used to make torches. 



