214 XLIV. CONNAEACE^ [Ellipanthus 



f. Tenasserini. Imperfectly known. Branclilets and petioles slightly puberukras, 

 petioles A in. long. 5. E. sterculisafolius, Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 59 (1890) tab. 8. 

 A small tree on Diamond island. L. membranous, pale beneath, ovate, acuminate, 

 blade 3-4, petiole slender, 2-3 in. long, capsule glabrous, ribbed, long-acuminate, 1 in., 

 stalk A in. long. 



Oebee XLY. LEGUMINOS^. Gen. PI. i. 434. 



Leaves generally alternate, compound and stipulate. Flowers as a rule 

 bisexual, in panicles, racemes, spikes or heads. Calyx more or less deeply 

 divided into 5 segments. Petals 5, rarely less, in the majority of genera 

 unequal and zygornorphic. Stamens 10, rarely less by abortion, or numerous ; 

 anthers 2-celled, cells parallel. Pistil generally consisting of 1 carpel, ovules 

 numerous, rarely few, attached to the inner suture. Pod generally dry, inde- 

 hiscent, or separating into two valves along one or both sutures. 



As far as is known, the wood fibres of Leguminosm always have simple, not 

 bordered pits. Bands of wood parenchyma, more or less concentric, often interrupted, 

 are a common feature in this order. 



Calyx gamosepalous ; petals free, unequal, imbricate, the 



posterior outside ; stamens generally diadelphous . . 1. Papii,ionace.j:. 



Calyx divided nearly to the base ; petals free, mostly unequal, 



imbricate, the posterior inside ; stamens free . . .2. C^salfinie-s:. 



Calyx gamosepalous; petals more or less connate, equal, 



valvate ; stamens free or monadelphous . . . .3. Mimosej,. 



First Sub-order, PAPILIONACE^. 



Calyx gamosepalous, often 2-lipped, the upper (posterior) lip consisting of 2, 

 the lower (anterior) of 3 segments. Petals 5, clawed, unequal, imbricate in 

 bud, the posterior and outside petal (standard, vexillum) broad, often reflexed, 

 the 2 anterior and inside petals (keel, carina) often firmly cohering, the 2 

 lateral and intermediate petals (wings) enclosing the keel. (The standard 

 is sometimes called the upper petal ; as regards its insertion, however, it is 

 the lowest of the 5 petals.) Stamens 10 as a rule,' inserted with the petals on 

 the edge of a disk, which lines the lower part of the calyx-tube, filaments 

 seldom free, generally connate into a tube or sheath, open at the top, some- 

 times also open below, so as to form two half-sheaths of 5 stamens each, 

 the tenth stamen opposite the standard being often free from the rest. 

 Seeds with a coriaceous testa, without albumen, cotyledons thick, plano- 

 convex, the radicle accumbent upon the cot}'ledons, reserve substances 

 starch or fat oil. 



Papilionaceous trees show great variety in the structure of their wood. Distinct 

 heartwood, generally hard and dark coloured, occurs among others in Millettia pendula, 

 Oiigeinia, Pterocarpus, and most Dalbergias, such as D. Sissoo. latifolia, cult rata, Kurzii, 

 Oliveri. There is no heartwood in Sesbania, Erythrina, JButea frondosa, Dalbergia 

 lanceolaria and Pongamia glabra. Extremely soft and light is the pith-like wood of 

 jEsehynomene, which mainly consists of thin-walled wood parenchyma. 



Of climbers Millettia auriculata, Derris scandens, SpatJiolobus Roxlntrghii, and some 

 species of Mucuna have the usual anomalous structure, concentric strata of bast 

 (phloem) alternating with broader strata of wood, which is light, soft and porous, 

 because it mainly consists of very wide vessels. The stems of these climbers being 

 often flat, fluted or otherwise irregular, the alternating strata of bast and wood 

 frequently do not form complete rings. Dalbergia paniculata, though a tree, has 

 structure resembling that of climbing stems, viz., bands of bast (phloem) alternating 

 with broader strata of wood. On the other hand, some climbing Papilionacea;, among 

 them the climbing Dalbergias, have stems of normal structure. 



