308 



L. COMBKETACEjE 



[Terminalia 



4. T. 



Brandis 



Fig. 133.— Terminalia Cliebula, Ket 

 Fr. and transverse section enlarged 



Burma excepting the arid region of Sind, western Rajputana and the southern Punjab. 

 Xi. shed Feb.-March, fresh foliage copper or tan-coloured, in April. Fl. March-May. 

 Fr. used for dyeing and tanning. 3. T. fcetidissima, Griff. ; Mergui, Malacca. L. shining, 

 coriaceous, obovate, blade 5-7, tapering into petiole § in. long, drupe compressed obovate- 

 ellipsoid. 



(b) Spikes panicked excepting T. pallida, panicles often terminal. 



Chebula, Betz. ; Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 197; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 27; 



F.F1. t. 29. Vern. Har, Earra, Hind.; ttrda, Habra, Mar.; 



Nella (black) Karalea, Tel.; Kadukai, 

 Tarn. ; Panga, Burm. 



A large deciduous tree, leaf-buds, 

 brancblets and youngest 1. with soft 

 shining, generally rust-coloured hairs. 

 Leaves distant, often subopposite, 

 elliptic or ovate, sec. n. 6-8 pair, 

 arching, prominent, blade 3-8, petiole 

 \-l in. long. Two glands or swellings 

 on petiole near the top. Fl. bisexual 

 i in. across, sessile, dull white or 

 yellow, with an offensive smell. 

 Spikes sometimes simple, usually in 

 short panicles, terminal and in the 

 axils of the uppermost leaves. Bracts 

 subulate or lanceolate, longer than 

 buds, deciduous. Limb of calyx cup- 

 shaped, cleft half-way into 5 acute 

 triangular segments, woolly inside. 

 Fruit more or less distinctly 5-angled, 

 obovoid from a cuneate base, sometimes 

 ovoid or nearly globose, 1-14 in. long. Shape and size of fr. varies exceedingly. 



Subhimalayan tract from the Sutlej eastwards, ascending to 5,000 ft, Common in 

 the deciduous forests of both peninsulas. Sheds its 1. Feb.-March, new foliage in April, 

 fl. April- Aug. fr. ripens Oct. -January. In the Centr. Prov. two distinct flowering 

 periods : April-May and July- August. The fl. often attacked by a gall insect. This 

 species varies considerably. Apart from two very marked forms, known only from 

 restricted areas, which are here accepted as species, I recognize two principal varieties. 

 (a) The ordinary widely spread form, young shoots silky-tomentose, 1. glabrous when 

 full grown, ovary and calyx outside glabrous or hairy, described by Kurz F. Fl. i. 456, 

 as T. Chebula and T. tomenteUa, Kurz. (b) The tomentose form, branchlets, leaves, 

 panicle, ovary and calyx densely and softly clothed with long silky hairs. Pachmarhi, 

 Mahableshwar, Western Deccan and Mysore. Nilgiris. This may possibly be 

 T. gangetica, Roxb. The dry fruit of T. Chebula, the Chebulic Myrobalans of commerce, 

 is one of the best tanning materials known, export considerable, chiefly from Bombay. 



The two local forms which may be regarded as species are : 5. T. travancorensis,, "W. & 

 Arn. Prodr. 314 (T. angustifolia, Koxb. ; Bourdillon in Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. 

 12, 351, t. 4.) A lofty tree of the evergreen forests, Travancore at 500 ft., bark smooth, 

 pale brown, sapwood yellowish white, heartwood small, brown, 1. glabrous, elliptic- 

 lanceolate. Fl. small. Fr. £ in. long, stone 5-angled. T. Chebula is also found in 

 Travancore, but in deciduous grass forests (Bourd.). T. angustifolia, Jacq., is a- Malayan 

 species. 6. T. pallida, n. sp. (Thella (white) Karaka, Tel.) Karnbakum hill (Chingleput), 

 Veligondas. Sechachellam hills (Cuddapah). Occurs with T. Chebula, but is nearly 

 evergreen, and is readily distinguished by smaller coriaceous leaves, obtuse or emargi- 

 nate, petiole orange-coloured, spikes usually simple, ovary and calyx outside perfectly 

 glabrous, shining ; fr. obovoid from a narrow base. (D. B. Madras Forest Beport, 1883, 

 par. 357.) 



7. T. citrina, Fleming; King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 66. 328, Assam, Maimansingh, 

 Dacca, Tenasserim, Nicobars, Malay Peninsula. L. thickly coriaceous, elliptic-lanceo- 

 late, blade 3-7, petiole J in., veins minutely reticulate, the areoles between the veins on 

 the underside very minutely velvety, fr. narrow, lanceolate, 2 in. long. S. T. Mami, 

 King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ix. t. 51, Andamans and Nicobars. L. ovate, acuminate, 

 blade 4-5, petiole 1 in., fr. ovoid §-§ in. long. 9. T. argyrophylla, King & Prain in 

 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 67. 291, Kachin hills, Upper Burma. Branchlets slender, as well 



