398 LXI. RUBIACEiE [Lcmanthus 



27. L. venulosus, Wight, Nilgiris 6-8,000 ft., common. Sattarah Ghats, very rare 

 (Dalzell). A very branching, glabrous shrub, 1. coriaceous, elliptic, blade 2—4 in. 

 long, pet. short, tertiary nerves prominent. Fl. pale yellow, on short pedicels, in few- 

 fid, short-peduncled cymes, sometimes solitary. Calyx hirsute, lobes 4-5, subulate, as 

 long as the corolla-tube, which is glabrous outside, corolla J- in. long. Drupes blue, 

 crowned by the calyx-teeth. 28. L. eapitulatus, Wight. Nilgiris, nearly allied to 27, 

 almost glabrous or minutely strigose, 1. larger, petioles longer. Fl. nearly sessile, in 

 few-fid. compact short-peduncled cymes, corolla hairy outside. 29. L. dichotomus, 

 Wight. Tinnevelli Ghats, Shevagherry hills, nearly glabrous, petiole and cymes 

 sometimes strigose. L. elliptic-lanceolate, blade 1-i, pet. \-\ in. long. Fl. tetramerous, 

 in narrow dichotomous cymes, with the slender peduncle 1-1$ in. long, bracts subulate, 

 calyx-teeth long lanceolate. 



b. Eastern species. 



30. L. Biermanni, King. Sikkim 5-9,000 ft. Khasi hills. Manipur. Branches, 

 petioles, cymes and nerves beneath minutely strigose. L. elliptic-lanceolate, blade 

 5-7, pet. J-$ in. long. Fl. pale lilac or blueish, in short few-fid. cymes, calyx-teeth 

 broad, foliaceous, corolla J— J in., tube glabrous outside. Drupe bright blue, crowned 

 by the conniving calyx-teeth. 31. L. longicauda, Hook. f. Khasi hills. Glabrous, 1. 

 lanceolate, long caudate-acuminate, the linear tip 1—1$ in. long, blade 4-5, pet. $ in. long, 

 sec. n. numerous, with shorter intermediate ones between. Cymes few-fid., calyx-teeth 

 triangular. 32. L micranthus, Hook. f. Mislrmi hills. Young shoots, petioles and 

 nerves beneath minutely strigose, 1. lanceolate from a rounded base, blade 4-6, 

 petiole ^ in. long, tertiary n. conspicuous, fl. minute. - 



Order LXII. COMPOSITE. Gen. PI. ii. 163. 



Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees. L. with few exceptions alternate, stipules 0. 

 . Inflorescence a bead of many small fl. sessile on tbe receptacle (dilated top of 

 the peduncle), enclosed in an involucre of whorled or imbricate bracts, the 

 outer fl. opening first. Fl. all tubular (corolla lobes 4-5, valvate in bud) all 

 ligulate, or the marginal ray fl. ligulate (or filiform) and the inner (disk) fl. 

 tubular. Fl. all bisexual, or some unisexual or sterile. Calyx superior, 

 usually "a pappus of hairs on the top of the ovary. Stamens 4—5, inserted 

 on the corolla, anthers basifixed, usually connate, connective produced up- 

 wards. Ovary 1-celled, ovule solitary. Fr. indehiscent, seed 1, albumen 0. 



A. Invol. bracts imbricate. 



All fl. tubular. 

 L. usually dentate, anther base obtuse or minutely 



sagittate 1. Vernonia. 



L. quite entire, anther-cells tailed . . . .2. Leucomeris. 

 Marginal fl. ligulate. 



Erect herbs or shrubs, anther-cells tailed . . 3. Inula. 

 Straggling or climbing. Anther base obtuse . Mickoglossa (p. 401). 

 Marginal fl. filiform. 



Pappus of denticulate hairs. 

 L. penninerved. 



Invol. bracts narrow, linear . . . .4. Blumea. 



Invol. bracts broad rigid 5. Pluchea. 



L. with 3-9 longitudinal nerves .... Helichryshm (p. 402). 



Pappus . . Artemisia (p. 402). 



B. Only one row of invol. bracts, sometimes a minute outer 



row 6. Senecio. 



1. VERNONIA, Schreb. ; Fl. Brit, Irid. iii. 229. 



Herbs, shrubs sometimes climbing, rarely trees, 1. alternate. Heads homo- 

 gamous, involucre of many imbricate bracts, the inner longest. Corollas all 

 equal, tubular or funnel-shaped, usually outside with minute stipitate glands, 

 lobes 5, narrow, one-third or one-half the length of tube, anther base obtuse 



