Vernonia] LXII. COMPOSITE 399 



or minutely sagittate. Achenes ribbed or angled, pappus of numerous den- 

 ticulate hairs, often girt with an outer row of short hairs or flat bristles. 

 Species 450, mostly tropical, more than one half in America. 



A. Western species and species of both regions. 



a. Trees. 



1. V. arborea, Ham.— Svn. Monosis Wightiana, DC: Wight Ic. t. 1085; 

 Bedd. Fl. Svlv. t. 226. 



A middle-sized tree, branchlets and inflorescence pubescent, 1. coriaceous, 

 elliptic, almost entire, glabrous or pubescent beneath, blade 5-8, pet. |— 1 in. 

 long. Fl. heads 1-ii-fld., invol. bracts oblong, obtuse, the outer much 

 shorter than the inner. Pappus white, hairs all equal and in one row, \ in. 

 long. 



Western Gliats and adjoining mountain ranges, from the Bababudan hills south- 

 wards. Assam, Khasi hills. Andamans. Burma. Fl. Febr.-lfay. Ceylon, moist 

 region to 5,000 ft. Malay Penins. and Archip. '2. V. travancorica, Hook. f. — Syn. 

 I'. volkamerifolia, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 225. Tinnevelli and Travancore Ghats, standards 

 over the dense masses of Ochlandra. A middle-sized tree, branchlets, inflorescence 

 and sometimes underside of 1. minutely pubescent, 1. obovate, obtuse, sinuate-dentate, 

 blade 2-f>. narrowed into pet. J-J in. long. Inyol. bracts silky, pappus snow-white, 

 deciduous. 



b. Shrubs or undershrubs. 



3. V. divergens, Benth. — Syn. V. nilgherryensis, DC ; Wight Ic 1. 1078 ; Decaneuron 



(lirerycits. L>< '. Wight Ic t. lush Assam. Manipur. Burma. Upper and Lower. 

 Parasnath. Bundelkhand. Centr. Prov. Western Peninsula. L. elliptic-lanceolate, 

 serrate, blade 2-5, narrowed into pet. i-j in. long, heads S-12-fld., outer invol. bracts 



short ovate. Pappus dirty whit ' pa!.' reddish-brown. Var. Latoii, C. B. 



Clarke. Khandaln. Konkan [Kadechi, Buradi, Mar.), invol. bract.: densely white- 

 woolly, often with an excuxrent green point, fl. lilac. 4. V. pectiniformis, DC; 

 Wight [c. i. L077, Nilgiris and Palni hills, 1. rigid, more or less rough, chiefly beneal h, 

 elliptic-laneeolate, serrate, hladeji-ti. pet. h-j in. long. Heads 10-25-fld.. outer invol. 

 bracts small, ovate, pappus reddish. 5. V. indica, Clarke. West side of the Peninsula 

 from the Konkan southwards. Branchlets and underside of 1. densely white tomen- 

 tose, 1. coriaceous, broadly elliptic, pet. very short, invol. scales densely tomentose, the 

 outer short . 



6. V. Roxburghii, Less. Subhimalayan tract, Jumna to Sarda. Behar. Cbutia 

 Nagpore. Konkan (doubtful). Upper Burma. Branchlets and 1. rough with stiff 

 minute hairs, 1. rigid, cuspidate-serrate, elliptic-lanceolate, nearly sessile, ,')-."> in. long, 

 head 80-fld., large, invol. bracts apiculate or ].nngeiit, pappus dirty white. 



7. V. cinerascens, Schultz-Bip. Baluchistan, Sind. Peshawar. Ajmere and Mer- 

 wara (Laha). A low shrub, clothed with greyish-white pubescence, 1. spathulate 

 i— 1 A ill. long, heads } in. diam. on slender |>odunclcs, pappus white. 



B. Eastern species, corolla-tube cylindric. 



a. Erect, heads large, fl. numerous, more than 10 in one head. 



8. V. volkamerifolia, DC- Syn. V. acuminata, DC; Kurz F. PI. ii. 7m. Sikkim, outer 

 hills, to 4,000 ft. Bhutan, A^am. Khn-i hills. Manipur. Myit Kyina, Upper Burma. 



L. oblani late, entire or coarsely senate, glabrous above, more or less pubescent 



beneath, 6-12 in. long, narrowed into a very short petiole, fl. Mine, invol. bracts obtuse, 



ii i"i ' less bo iry, pappus dirty white. Specimens from the following localities differ 



e o white pappus, and densely silky invol scales, the achenes ribbed and more or less 

 clothed with long thin hairs. Dry hill forest, east of Bhamo 6,000 ft. (Mont. Hill.); 

 Schweho district in deciduous forests with Teal; [8*gyi, Smales); Katha district 

 (J. W. Olivei 



9. V. talaumifolia. Hook. f. Sikkim. lower hills, Assam. A middle-sized tree, 1. rigidly 



corio as, glabrous and shining above, obovate or oblanceolate, blade LO-20, narrowed 



into stout amplexicaul peti.de j in. long, sec. and reticulate tertiary nerves pn 



nent beneath, invol. bracts almost glabrous, broad-Ovate or -elliptic, obtuse, often 



tool hed at tip, pappus re I 



It). V. floianifoiia. Hetiih. Pegu Hills east of Toungoo. Yunnan. China. Similar 

 to r. arborta, differs bj the 1. hirsute on the upper, softly tomentose on the underside. 

 I., with a rounded or cordate base, -innate dentate, tl. heads smaller. 



