454 LXXII. SALVADORACE.E [Azima 



herbaceous, quadrangular, young shoots pubescent, spines J-l in. long. L. stiff, shining, 

 sharply mucronate, J-2 in. long, narrowed into a short petiole. PI. greenish- white, sessile, 

 ? solitary or in two-fld. clusters, 6* in dense globose fascicles, the supporting 1. of the 

 upper fascicles reduced to bracts or obsolete, so that the fl. branches end in naked inter- 

 rupted spikes. Pet. linear-lanceolate, acute, spreading. Berry J in. diam\, white. 2. A. 

 sarmentosa, Benth. Dry region of the Irawaddi valley. Malay Archipelago. 

 Rambling, spines J in. long, fl. in narrow axillary panicles, berries £ in. diain. on slender 

 pedicels up to J in. long. 



Order LXXIII. APOCYNACE^. Gen. PL ii. 681. 



Trees, shrubs, often twining, rarely perennial herbs, juice frequently milky. 

 L. entire, opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, stipules or small gland-like, 

 intra- or inter-petiolar. Fl. regular, bisexual, usually pentamerous. Calyx 

 free, divided nearly or quite to the base into 5 segments or sepals, generally 

 imbricate in bud. Corolla hypogynous, gamopetalous, lobes 5, spreading, in 

 bud contorted, rarely valvate, throat often hairy or closed with a corona of 

 scales Stamens 5, alternating with corolla-lobes inserted in the tube, filaments 

 usually short. Ovary of 2 carpels, 2-celled with axile, or 1-celled with 

 parietal placentas. Seeds often with a tuft of hairs, usually with scanty 

 albumen, embryo straight. 



The vascular bundles of both Apocynacece and Asclepiadacece are bicollateral, conse- 

 quently phloem is found on the outer edge of the pith. Most species of these two 

 orders have milky juice, which is contained in nonarticulated laticiferous tubes in 

 pith and bark, and accompanying the nerves in the leaves. The milk of several species 

 yields Caoutchouc. In both orders the vessels in the wood are usually arranged in 

 longer or shorter radial lines. Many of the climbing species have wood of normal 

 structure with large vessels, some however, are abnormal, the wood having furrows filled 

 up with phloem, while in other species the stem consists of numerous more or less 

 radial edges of wood, separated by phloem. 



I. Anther-cells rounded at the base. Carpels connate, forming one 1- or 2-celled 

 ovary. Seeds without wing or hairs. 



A. Ovary 2-celled, placentas on the septum. 



Armed, erect or climbing . . . . .1. Carissa. 

 Unarmed, climbing. 



L. chartaceous or membranous, sec. n. 15-20 



pair 2. Melodikus. 



L. thinly coriaceous, sec. n. go. . . . Wischia (p. 456). 



B. Ovary 1-celled, placentas parietal. 



Erect shrub, corolla yellow, more than 2 in. long. Allamanda (p. 456) 



"Woody climber, corolla white § in. . . . "Willughbeia (p. 456). 

 Wood3' climber, corolla yellow, J in. . . . CmLOCARrus (p. 456). 



II. Anther-cells rounded at the base. Carpels more or less distinct, united by the 

 style. 



A. Calyx without glands. 



L. usually whorled, disk cup-shaped . . .3. Rauwolfia. 



L. often whorled, disk 4. Alyxia. 



L. opposite Hdnteria (p. 457). 



L. alternate 



Second, and intramarginal n. inconspicuous . 5. Cerbera. 



Second, and intramarginal n. prominent . Plumeria (p. 458). 



B. Calyx glandular within. 



L. alternate, fr. broad, obtrianguiar, seeds 2-4. Thevetia (p. 458). 



L. alternate, fr. of 2 many-seeded follicles . Rhazya (p. 45b). 

 L. alternate or whorled, bright yellow drupes 



usually in pairs ..... Ochrosia (p. 458). 



L. opposite or whorled ..... 



Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right . . Kopsia (p. 458). 

 Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. 



A twining shrub Ellertonia (p. 458). 



Trees or erect shrubs. 



L. whorled ....... 6. Alstonia. 



L. opposite, seeds with a tuft of hairs . 7. Holarrhena. 

 L. opposite, seeds in an orange col'd 



arillus ...... 8. Tabern^mohtana. 



