Carissa] LXXIII. APOCYNACE^J 455 



III. Anthers conniving in a cone around the stigma and adhering to it. each cell 

 produced downwards into a subulate empty spur. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels, united 

 by the style. Fr. of two follicles, seeds hairy at one or both ends. 



A. Corolla-lobes valvate in bud. 



Corolla J in. long, filaments spirally twisted . Paksoxsia (p. 460). 

 Corolla ^ in. long, filaments short . . . Ukceola (p. 460). 



B. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. 



Corolla J-jj in. long. Trees or erect shrubs . 9. Wbightia. 

 Corolla J in. long. Climbing .... Parameria (p. 461). 



C. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right. 



Anthers exserted (see also Trachelospermum). 



Corolla rotate, limb J in. across . . .10. Yallaris. 



Corolla salver-shaped Pottsia (p. 462). 



Anthers included, corolla-throat with 5-10 scales 



L. whorled, follicles erect . . , . Nerium (p. 462). 

 L. opposite, follicles divaricate . . . 11. Stbophantrus. 

 Anthers included, corolla-throat naked. 

 Corolla large, 1J-4 in. long. 



Cor. bell- or funnel-shaped .... Beaoioxtia (p. 463). 



Cor. salver-shaped, upper part of tubecam- 



panulate ...... 12. Choxemorpha. 



Corolla middle-sized J-li in. long. 



Cor.-lobes twisted to the left, overlapping to the right. 

 Cor.-lobes large, longer tban tube, seed 



long-beaked Biivxchodia (p. 463). 



Cor.-lobes small, shorter than tube. 



Cor.-tube tomentose outside . . . Epigymum (p. 463). 

 Cor -tube glabrous or nearly so. 



Ovary hidden in disk, seeds beaked. Anodendron (p. I 13 

 Ovary exserted from disk, seeds not 



beaked 13. Trachei-osi'shmim. 



Cor.-lobes straight, overlapping totheright. 14. Aganosma. 

 Corolla small, j in. and shorter. 

 Cor.-lobes long, narrow, upper half deflexed in bud. 



Sec. n. few, distant 15. Ichxocakpus. 



S.-i-. n. numerous Mn rochites (p. 165 



Cor.-lobes short, tip not deflexed in bud . Ecdysantheba (p. 165). 



1. CARISSA, Linn. : PL Brit. Lad. iii. 630. 



Shrubs or trees, sometimes climbing, armed with opposite axillary spikes. 

 Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly swollen round the anthers, lobes spreading, 

 throat without scales, anthers included. Ovary "2-celled, ovules 1-4 in each 

 cell, style filiform, stigma thickened. Fr. a berry, supported by the persistent 

 calyx, seeds 1-4, without hairs. Species is. Africa, Asia, Australia. 



A. Spines straight. 



1. C. spinarum, A. DC— Syn. C. diffusa, Roxb. ; Wight. Ic. t. 427: 



Br lis P.F1.321. Vera. Garna, Garaunda, Pb. ; Karaunda, Hind.; Kar- 



n; Hid. Kiini lulu. Mar.; Katxili, Garji, Elan.; Kalivi, Katti, Tel. 



\ gregarious evergreen thornj shrub, branches spreading, sometimes climb- 

 ing over tall trees. Foung shoots mor ■ loss, inflorescence always pubescent, 



spines often forked or trifid. I.. iaceous, ovate or elliptic, glabrous or 



pubescent beneath, blade I '_', pet. ,\ \ in. long. Fl. white, sometimes with a 



pink tinge, scented, in Eew-fld. corymbiform cymes at tl nds oi branches, 



sepals lanceolate, ciliate. corolla-tube cvlindric .1 iu. long. Berrj dark purple, 

 edible. ,l- J in. Long, seeds '-'. 



Trans-Indus. Subhimalayan I root and outer vallej 9, ascending to 8,000 ft . Plains 

 of Northern India. Bengal. Central provinces. Western P Forms under- 



» I under Baml -. Sal, Teak, and under Pintu longifolia in ECangra. Springs up 



abundantly In olearai -. Dry region of the Fxawadi valley from Promeupwards. PI. 



Jan. May. I., generally renewed In March, a softly pubescent form is C. hirsute, 

 Both '. riiin-.il. Roxb. ; Wight let 187 , Belgaum district. Pakokku, Upper But 

 and elsewhere. -. C. Carandaa, I. inn. : Roxb. Cor. PI. i. 77: Wight Ic. t. 126; Bedd. 

 Manual t. 19, f. 6. Cultivated for its fruit inmost part- of India. A taller shrub, 1. 



