502 LXXXII. VERBENACE^E [Lantana 



Order LXXXII. VERBENACEjE. Gen. PI. ii. 1131. 



Herbs, shrubs or trees, 1. opposite, whorled, rarely alternate, stipules 0. 

 El. zygomorphic, rarely regular, 4- or 5-merous. Calyx usually gamosepalous, 

 persistent, often enlarged in fr. Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, lobes 

 imbricate in bud. Stamens usually 4, nearly equal or one pair longer, ovary 

 2- or 4-celled, 1 ovule in each cell, style terminal, as a rule filiform, shortly 

 bifid. Embryo straight, cotyledons thick, radicle inferior, albumen, in the 

 Indian species, or very thin. 



As far as known, the Indian climbing species (excepting Congea) have normally built 

 wood with large vessels. The stem of Avicennia has an entirely abnormal structure. 



A. Fl. in centripetal spikes. 



Fr. a drupe with 2 bony pyrenes . . . .1. Lantana. 



Fr. dry, separating into two 1-seeded pyrenes . Lippia (p. 502). 



B. Inflorescence in compound corymbiform pyramidal or thyrsoid cymes. 



Leaves digitate rarely unifoliolate. . . .2. Vitex. 

 Leaves simple. 



Calyx much enlarged in fr. 

 Calyx enclosing the fr. 



A climbing shrub Hymenopybamis (p. 505). 



Trees 3. Tectona. 



Calyx-limb flat, orbicular .... Holmskioldia (p. 506). 

 Calyx campanulate or deeply divided . . 4. Clerodendkon. 

 Calyx not or slightly enlarged in fr. 



Corolla large, 1 in. and longer . . . .5. Gjielina. 

 Corolla under 1 in. long. 



Calyx small shortly 2-5-toothed 

 Fr. a drupe. 

 Corolla 2-lipped, endocarp 1^-celled . 6. Phemna. 

 Corolla 4- rarely 5-lobed, pyrenes 4, 1- 



seeded 7. Callicabpa. 



Fr. a 4-valved capsule .... Glossocarya (p. 512). 

 Calyx deeply 4-6-lobed 8. Caeyoptebis. 



C. Cymes simple, capitate, fl. few sessile. 



Bracts forming an involucre, calyx 4-6-dentate. 



Bracts 3—4, corolla 2-lipped 9. Congea. 



Bracts 6. 



Corolla 5-6-lobed, 1. entire . . . .10. Sphenodesme. 

 Corolla 5-16-lobed, 1. usually dentate . . 11. Syhphoeejia. 

 No regular involucre, calyx of 5 sepals . . . 12. Avicennia. 



1. LANTANA, Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 562. 



Rambling shrubs, pubescent or scabrous, branches 4-sided, 1. simple, crenate. 

 El. in peduncled ovoid or cylindric spikes, bracts conspicuous, exceeding the 

 calyx, bracteoles 0, corolla-tube slender, cylindric, lobes 4-5, spreading. Ovary 

 2-celled, one ovule in each cell, style short. Drupe with 2 bony 1-seeded 

 pyrenes. Species 50, tropical or subtropical, mostly American. 



L. indica, Roxb. ; Wight 111. t. 173b fig. 3. Ic. t. 1464.— Svn. L. dubia, Wall.; Boyle 

 [11. t. 73 fig. 2 ; L. alba, Brandis F. Fl. 369. Vern. Ghaneri, Mar. Throughout India 

 also in Baluchistan, Sind, Kuram valley, ascending in the Himalaya to 3,000 ft. 

 Upper Burma. Fl. April- June. Pubescent, fl. light-purple, yellow or white, almost 

 scentless, corolla J in. long, hairy, limb oblique, lobes 4, unequal. Drupe purple, 

 enclosed by the thin transparent calyx. 2. L. aculeata, Linn. ; Trimen Handb. Ceylon 

 iii. 346 (£. Camara, Linn. ; Talbot Ed. ii. 267). A tropical American shrub with 

 l-ecurved prickles on the branches, fl. sweet-scented, corolla J in. long, tube pink, lobes 

 orange, drupe purple. Birds eat the fr. and spread the seed widely. It is known in 

 India as The Lantana and has spread with extraordinary vigour in Ceylon and the 

 Peninsula. In clearances made in evergreen forests it sometimes is useful in giving 

 shelter to young forest growth, but in deciduous forests it is a most troublesome 

 weed, though it might perhaps in many cases be made useful. The Lantana is con- 

 sidered by some to be the cause of the Spike disease of Sandalwood in Coorg. 



Of the allied genus Lippia, Linn., which has a dry fruit, separating into 2 one-seeded 



