558 XCVIII. EUPHORBIACE^ [Euphorbia 



fleshy green sterns and branches. L. (excepting floral 1.) often wanting. 

 Lobes of involucre membranous, numerous fimbriate bracts among the male fl. 



A. Unarmed, branches terete or flat. 



1. E. Tiruealli, Linn. ; Brandis P. Fl. 439. — Milk-bush. Vern. Sehnd, Hind.; Nevli, 

 Mar.; Xandu-kalli, Kan.; Sanna-Jamudu, Tel.; Tiru Jcatti, Mai.; Tazaung lethnyo, 

 Burm. A native of Africa, naturalized in Bengal and the Western Peninsula, chiefly 

 as a hedge plant. Cultivated in Burma and in North- West India as far north as 

 Hushiarpur. A shrub or small tree, bark of stem cracked, dark olive-brown, branches 

 terete, smooth, green, jointed, 1. fleshy, linear or linear-cuneate, sessile, up to \ in. long. 

 Involucres crowded at the ends and in the forks of the branches. Capsules deeply 3- 

 lobed, villous, dark-brown, \ in. long. 2. E. epiphylloides, Kurz. South Andaman on 

 the rocky coast. Great Nicobar. Attains 15 ft., branches flat with thick crenate 

 wings, capsule glabrous. 



B. Armed usually at the nodes with pairs of sharp spines. 



(a) Styles simple, stigma capitate. 



3. E. Nivulia, Ham.; Wight Ic. t. 1862. Vern. Thor, Thuhar, Thura, 

 Senhur, Hind. ; Sij, Beng. ; Etki, Kol ; Neiorang, Mar. ; Bontha-Jamudu, 

 Tel. ; Yella-kalli, Kan. ; Shasaung, Burm. 



A bushy tree, attaining 30 ft., trunk with thick corky bark when old, stems 

 and branches round without ribs or angles, branchlets generally whorled. L.- 

 fleshy, sessile, obtuse, cuneate or obovate, 4^12 in. long. Involucres usually 

 3 in a short cyme at or just above the nodes, the lateral peduncled, bisexual, 

 the central sessile, male, common and partial peduncles up to J in. long, cymes 

 often fascicled. 



Grarhwal, on dry rocky slopes. Oudh. Rajputana. Behar. Singbhum, Satpura 

 range, Centr. Prov. Western Peninsula. Chittagong. West side of the Pegu Yoma, 

 common on dry ridges in the Prome and Tharawadi districts. Leafless C.S., fl. and fresh 

 1. HS. 4. E. neriifolia, Linn. On waste land and near villages : Singbhum. Centr. 

 Prov. Western Peninsula. Burma, Upper and Lower. Vern. Zizaung, Burm. _ A 

 small tree, attaining 20 ft., stems cylindric, branches round, but the nodes arranged in 

 5 more or less spirally twisted ribs, branchlets 5-angled. L. few, cuneate or oblanceo- 

 late, usually acute or mucronate, 6-12 in. long. Involucres in small compact shortly 

 pedunculate dichotomous cymes from the sinus between the nodes, styles connate 

 high up. 



5. E. Royleana, Boissier. — Syn. E. pentagona, Royle 111. t. 82, f. 1. Vern. Thor, 

 Hind. Common on dry slopes with a south aspect in the outer ranges of the North- 

 West Himalaya, ascending to 7,000 ft. Attains 15-16 ft. and a girth up to 6 ft., 

 branches with 5, sometimes 7, broad flat faces, separated by sharp undulating angles, 

 spines in pairs at the nodes, 1. few or wanting. Involucres yellow, in compact sessile 

 3-fld. cymes from the sinus between the nodes, styles free nearly to the base. Grows 

 readily from cuttings, even in the driest soil. Cultivated in places at the foot of the 

 hills, but does not thrive far out in the plains. 6. E. trigona, Haworth ; Wight Ic. t. 

 1863— Syn. E. Cattimandoo, W. Elliot in Wight Ic. t. 1993. Vern. Kattimandu, Tel. 

 Branches twisted, with 3 or 5 sharp ridges, which are deeply sinuate between the 

 nodes. 



(b) Styles bifid at the apex. 



7. E. antiquorum, Linn. ; Wight Ic. t. 897. Vern. Tidhara-Sehnd, Hind. ; Tandhari- 

 Send, Guz. ; Bonta Kalli, Kan. ; Pedda Jarnadu, Tel. ; Sadura-Katti, Tarn. ; CJiethura- 

 Kalli, Mai. ; Tazaung, Pyathal, Burm. Bengal. Both Peninsulas. Cultivated by 

 Meehis and Garos in Assam. Often grown as a hedge plant. — Ceylon. A small tree, 

 attaining 25 ft., branches stout, jointed, sharply 3- sometimes 5-angled, the ridges 

 undulating, 1. small, caducous, involucres in lax cymes, common and partial peduncles 

 J in. long. Wild on the higher ridges of the Arakan Yoma. 8. E. tortilis, Bottler ; 

 Wight Ic. t. 898. Western Peninsula. — Ceylon (?). Branches jointed, sharply 3- or 

 4-angled, as a rule spirally twisted. 



2. BISCHOFIA, Blume; Fl. Brit, Ind. v. 344. 



B. javanica, Blume (the only species); Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 259— Syn. 



Micrcelus Raiperiamis, Wight & Arn. ; Wight Ic. t. 1880. Vern. Kain, 



Pankain, Hind. ; Uriana, Assam ; Gobra-nerul, Nilimara, Kan. ; Mila- 

 chittyan, Tarn. ; Pogaung za, Burm. 



