570 XCVIII. EUPHORBIACE2E [Phyllantlms 



1. P. reticulatus, Poiret. — Syn. Anisonema multiflorum, Wight Ic. t. 

 1899; Cicca reticulata, Kurz P. PI. ii. 354; C. microcarpa, Benth. ; Kurz 

 P. PI. ii. 355. Vern. Kamu, Sind ; Kdbonan, Merwara ; Sikat, Gorakhpur ; 

 Panjuli, Hind. ; Amluki, Ass. ; Pavan, Mar. ; Pandi.barrahkae, Tel. ; Pullan, 

 Tarn. 



A large straggling or climbing shrub, glabrous or pubescent, branches 

 numerous stout, woody, branchlets long, drooping, 1. thin, oblong or elliptic, 

 1-2 in., stipules subulate, hard. PI. solitary or several together on slender 

 axillary peduncles. Calyx-segments ovate, membranous, alternating with the 

 glands of the disk. $ : Stamens 5, the filaments of the 3 inner longer, 

 connate. <J : Ovary 5-10-celled, styles short, ovules 2 in each cell, super- 

 posed. Fr. a purple berry, J in. diam., often racemose on leafless branches. 

 Seeds 8-16, triquetrous, finely granulate. 



Common on low moist ground in the drier regions of India and Burma. Sind, in 

 the forests along the Indus, climbing over the largest trees. Fl. nearly throughout 

 the year. — Ceylon, common in the dry region. Tropical Africa. Malay Penins. and 

 Archip. China. 2. P. glaucus, Wall. Nepal. Sikkim. Khasi hills. Similar to 1, 

 quite glabrous, 1. smaller, stamens free, $ pedicel clavate, styles slender, long exserted, 

 quite entire, hairy £-J in. diam. 



B. Stamens 4, sepals 4. 



3. P. distichus, Muell. Arg. — Syn. Cicca disticlia, linn. Vern. Chalmeri, Hind. ; 

 Hariphal, Beng. ; KiruneUi, Kan. ; Eatsavusiriki, Tel. ; Thimbaw Zibyu, Burin. 

 Malay Archip. In gardens throughout India, in Burma near Pungyi-Kyaungs. A 

 small deciduous tree, entirely glabrous, branches robust, leafy branchlets slender, 

 mostly deciduous, 1. ovate, acute or acuminate, blade 2-3, pet. J in. long. Fl. minute, 

 brownish-red, S and ? and sometimes $ together densely crowded on fascicled 

 racemes, 2—4 in. long, generally from the old wood, sometimes in axillary clusters, 

 pedicels slender, as long as fl. Sepals 4, stamens 4, filaments free, styles 3^t, bifid. Fr. 

 globose, often crowded, 6-8-lobed, pericarp fleshy, acid, endocarp 3— 4-celled. 



C. Stamens 3, filaments united into a column, sepals 5-6. 



4. P. Emblica, Linn.; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 258; Brandis P. Fl. t. 52.— 

 Syn. Emblica officinalis, Gsertn. ; Wight Ic. t. 1896. Cicca Emblica, Kurz. 

 Vern. Amla, Aonla, Amlika Hind. ; Avala, Mar. ; Mired, Kol ; Kcdli, Gond. ; 

 Nelli, Usiriki, Tel. ; Nelli, Tam. ; Tasha, Lower, Zibyu, Upper Burma. 



A deciduous small or middle-sized tree, bark greenish-grey, peeling off in 

 conchoid scales, wood red, hard, med. rays broad, conspicuous on a vertical 

 section. Foliage feathery, light green, branchlets mostly deciduous, hairy, 

 4-8 in. long, closely set with distichous narrowly-linear glabrous 1. i in. long, 

 imbricate when young, having the appearance of pinnate leaves, stipules 

 ovate, fimbriate. Fl. greenish-yellow, fascicled in the axils of fimbriate bracts 

 on the leaf-bearing branchlets, usually on the naked portion below the leaves, 

 $ numerous on short slender pedicels, $ few subsessile, both on the same 

 branchlet. Calyx segments 6, oblong, obtuse. $ : Disk of 6 minute glands, 

 often wanting, anthers 3, on a short central column. 5> : Disk cup-shaped, 

 edge toothed, ovary 3-celled, styles connate at base irregularly twice bifid, 

 segments acute. Pr. fleshy globose, \-\ in. diam., with 6 vertical furrows, 

 pale yellow, sometimes reddish when ripe, acid, astringent and bitter, 3-celled, 

 6 seeded. 



Common in deciduous forests in most parts of India and Burma, except in the arid 

 region and the extreme N.W., ascending to 4,500 ft. in the Himalaya. Fl. March- 

 May. The 1. and fl. bearing deciduous branchlets, which have the appearance of 

 pinnate leaves, often come out on old woody branches, from irregular tubercular protu- 

 berances, which have given rise to a succession of three deciduous branchlets. When 

 branchlets are on the current year's shoots, 3 bracts will be found at their base, one 

 dorsal, in the axil of which the branchlet has developed, and two lateral, which are the 

 stipules of the dorsal bract. These branchlets, which arise from the current year's 

 shoot, probably are not always deciduous, but serve to form permanent branches. The 

 fr. is the Emhlic Myrobalan, is pickled and eaten, and used for dyeing and tanning. — 

 Ceylon. Malay Penins. and Archip. China. 5. P. pomiferus, Hook. f. — Syn. Cicca 

 macrocarpa, Kurz. Vern. Zibyu, Burm. Burma, Upper and Lower, chiefly in Engdain. 

 Similar to 4, but bark longitudinally and irregularly fissured, disk in £ fl. of distinct 



