594 XCIX. ULMACE^E [Ulmus 



Cystolith cells often conspicuous in the epidermis. No laticiferous tubes. 

 A. Fruit a winged samara. 



L. serrate, cotyledons flat 1. Ulmus. 



L. entire, cotyledons folded 2. Holoptelea. 



JB. Fruit a drupe. 



i sepals imbricate. 



Stipules free, mostly chartaceous 3. Celtis. 



Stipules connate, convolute, 1. coriaceous . . .4. Gikonniera. 

 6 sepals induplicate-valvate 5. Tkema. 



1. ULMUS, Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 480. 



Trees, mostly deciduous, stipules caducous, fi. in most Indian sp. before the 

 leaves, usually bisexual, in lateral racemes or fascicles, supported by deciduous 

 coriaceous bracts, pedicel articulate, the lower portion (peduncle) hairy, the 

 upper (pedicel proper), usually glabrous. Perianth campanulate, generally 

 persistent, 4-9-lobed, segments imbricate in bud, stamens adnate to perianth- 

 tube. Ovary 1-2-celled, styles 2, papillose on the inner face. A few 

 only of the fl. as a mile produce seed. Fr. indebiscent (a flat samara) sur- 

 rounded by a broad membranous wing. Species 16, temperate regions of the 

 Northern Hemisphere. 



A. Pedicels longer than perianth. . 



(a) Articulation near the base of pedicel, the lower hairy portion shorter 

 than the upper glabrous one. 



1. U. Wallichiana, Planchon ; Brand is F. Fl. tab. 51. Vera. Kain, 

 Haz. ; Maral, Naray, Imbri, Emvoi, N.-W. Himal. 



A tall tree, often attaining a large diameter, bark rough, grey, exfoliating in 

 diamond-shaped scales, branchlets and underside of 1. usually softly pubescent, 

 1. elliptic or obovate, long-acuminate, upperside rough, blade 4-8, pet. ^-\ in., 

 sec. n. straight, parallel, 15-20 pair, each terminating in a large serrature, 

 the outer edge of which is serrulate, veins minutely reticulate. Fl. numerous, 

 densely fascicled on short racemes, forming globose heads in the axils of the 

 fallen 1., peduncle supported at the base by coriaceous caducous bracts. 

 Perianth i in. long, narrowed into a glabrous pedicel as long as itself, which 

 is articulated with a hairy peduncle T V in. long, lobes 5 obtuse, ciliate along 

 the edge, ovary slightly hairy. Samara thinly membranous, elliptic, f in. 

 long, seed in the centre of the samara. 



North- West Himalaya, Indus to Nepal, 3,500-10,000 ft. Fl. March, April. Branches 

 often erect. Often planted and lopped for cattle fodder every other year. 



(6) Articulation of pedicel near the perianth, the lower hairy portion much 

 longer than the upper glabrous one. 



2. U. lancifolia, Roxb. ; Wall. PL As. Ear. t, 200. Vern. Thale, Lower, Thit- 

 Tcauk-hnyin, Upper Burma. Sikkim, foot of hills, ascending to 6,000 ft. Bhutan. Assam. 

 Khasi hills. Chittagong. Burma, Upper and Lower. A large tree, branchlets and 

 petioles minutely hairy, 1. coriaceous, lanceolate, serrate, blade 1-5, pet. slender ^ in. 

 long, tert. n. reticulate, nearly as prominent as sec. n. Perianth 5-lobed, pedicel in fl. 

 J-J in. Samara 1 in. long, very oblique. Generally leafless during part of the H. S. 

 when the tree is in fl. 



B. Fl. nearly sessile, pedicel in fl. shorter than, rarely as long as perianth. 



3. U. villosa, Brandis in Ind. For. xxv. 229. Vera. Mannu, Hazara ; 

 Mam, Kulu,"Sutlej and the Pabar valley ; JIaldang, Kunawar. 



A large tree, branches drooping, branchlets and 1. glabrous. L. ovate- 

 oblong, blade l£-4 in,, pet. slender, £-£ in. long, sec. n. 14-18 pair, each nerve 

 terminating in a large serrature, the outer edge of which is serrulate, the 

 meshes of the reticulate veins larger than in 1. Fl. 10-15, in dense sessile 

 fascicles. Perianth ^in. long, sessile and articulate on a short hairy peduncle, 



