Betula] CVI. BETULACEjE 623 



with 3 diandrous fl. on the midrib, perianth of 4 hairy linear 1. 9 spikes panicled, 

 nuts with a wing much broader than nut, bracts in fr. membranous, narrower than 

 the wings of the nut, with 2 obtuse or acute teeth or short lobes. 



Gamble, List ed. ii. 79 and Indian Timbers ed. ii. 669, mentions B. cylindrostacliys, 

 Gamble, as a distinct low level species : I larjeeling hills from the Terai to 6,000 ft. A 



large 1 1 SO to 10H ft. high, bark peeling off in large vertical flakes, wood red, hard. 



seasons well, heavier than B. alnoides. This species merits careful study. 



2. ALNUS, G:ertn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. GOO. 



Pith similar to Betula, med. rays in most species of two classes, a few 

 compound with numerous narrow rays. L. on the underside often with tufts 

 of haii-s in the axils of the sec. n. $ catkins pendulous, usually 12 stamens 

 in the axil of a membranous bract, more or less distinctly arranged in 3 

 tetrandrous fl., the stamens opposite to the 4 1. of the perianth, filaments 

 usually short, anther-cells distinct or more or less connate, $ spikes short 

 erect, 2 ovaries in the axil of the bract, each ovary with 2 bracteoles. Fruit 

 a small cone, bracts and bracteoles coalescing and becoming woody, covering 

 the small crustaceous 1 -see' led nuts. Species 15. Xorthern temperate zone. 



1. A. nepalensis, Don; "Wall. PI. As. Ear. t. 131. V.rn. Piak, Chamba ; Kuntz, Ni, 

 Neton, Bash.; Kunis, Garhw. ; J7?t», Kumaon, Nepal. Himalaya 3-9,000 ft., from the 

 Eavi eastwards, Khasi hills. Upper Burma 6,000 ft. Yunnan. A large tree, bark 

 smooth, silvery-grey, branch lets glabrous. L. elliptic, entire or slight ly denticulate, 

 blade 3-8, pet. A-j in., sec. n. 10 IS pair. Anther-cells connate. Cones nearly cylindric, 

 1-1 in. long, in lateral panicles. Nut with a narrow somewhat irregular membranous 

 wing. 2. A. nitida, Endl.; Brandis F. Fl. t. 57. Vera. Shardl, Haz. : Koish, Kulu; 

 Kunsh, Bash.; Utis, Kunis, Hind. North-"West Himalaya, extending eastwards to the 

 Jumna, usually at low elevations, fringing the banks of rivers, not uncommonly 



descending with them s listance into the plains, in places, however, ascending to 



9,000 ft. On the Sutlej common in the dry region ni Kunaw -ar as far as Spui Oil thi 

 righl and N'amgin on the left bank. A large tree, bark blackish, with thin quadrangular 

 scales, Inane Ii his and petioles pubescent. L. glabrous, thinly coriaceous, elliptic-ovate, 

 entire orobscurelj orenate, blade 4-6, pet. 1 in. Anther-cells nearly distinct. Cones 

 j-li in. long, tin to live in erect lateral racemes, nut with a narrow thickened edge. 



3. CARPINUS, Tourn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 625. 



Pith oblong, usually G-sided, leaf-buds elongated, protected by imbricating 

 scales, 1. membranous, serrate. $ catkins lateral, sessile, drooping. In the 

 axil of a broad-ovate scale 3-6 stamens on short li laments, ant her-cells distinct, 

 shortly stipitate. 9 spikes terminal, pairs of 11. in the axils of deciduous 

 bracts, each II. supported by a persistent often 3-lobed inner bract or involucre, 

 which in fr. is much enlarged, prominently veined and ret irulate. Perianth 

 adnate to ovary, Limb dentate. Species L2, Northern hemisphere. 



I. C. viminea, Wall, PL As. Bar. t. 106. Vern. Lo . Ko . Bash.; Kangei, Shinroi, 

 Shangri, Jaunsar ; Phamnai, Cumi Himalaya, 5 7,000 ft., from the Chenab east- 

 wards. Khasi hiiu. Mogok, Qpper Burma, 4,000 ft. Hills between Sitang and 

 Sal '-'ii rivers, 8,500-6,000 ft., common near streams on the Upper Yunzalin (D. B. 

 March 1880). 7unnan. A moderate-sized tree, stems fluted, hark of young trees 

 whitish, smooth, of old trees grey with darker streaks, branches verrucose. I., glabrous, 



■ ■ 1 Ian late, caudate-acuminate, the serral ures serrulate on 1 1 atside, blade 8 5, 



pet, li nder, often I til | in . sec. n. 10 12 pair, ; bracts ribbed, shilling, but 



ciliate along tl Ige, anther-cells with a tuft of long hairs at the tip. Fruiting 



bracts lai .hue. unequal-sided, more or less serrate, often with a lobe near base. 'J. 



C. faplnoa, I. ind I. ; Br Us P. Fl. t. 66 I i,600 ft. in the Sutlej, Upper 



Tons and Unpin valleys, 6 7,000 ft. Kumaon. Bhutan. 1 bina, \ terate-sized 



tree, branchlets, young I. and petii ed with soft ~ilk\ hairs, I. thinly mem- 



branous elongate-elliptic, ures cuspidate, blade 8 5, pet. ,'. | in., 



sec. 11. I'J 16 pair. Fruiting bracts thinly membranous, serrate, verj unequal-sided, 

 .1 h 1 1 Icate, bo sal nerves '■'■ 



