624 CIV. BETULACE.E [Corylus 



4. CORYLUS, Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 625. 



Pith more or less circular, buds with imbricate scales, branchlets and 

 petioles often with glandular hairs, 1. serrate, basal n. 3-5. $ catkins hairy, 

 .drooping, fascicled or 2-3 on a common peduncle, stamens 4 attached on the 

 inside of a broad bract, supported by 2 bracteoles, which are half or more 

 than half adnate to the bract, filaments either with 2 contiguous but distinct 

 anther-cells, or more or less irregularly bifurcating, each arm bearing an 

 .anther-cell, tufts of hairs at the apex of anther-cells. 9 spikes small, lateral, 

 sessile, ovoid, bud-like, consisting of numerous imbricate bracts, the fl. in 

 pairs in the axils of a few of the uppermost bracts. Perianth adnate to the 

 ovary, minutely toothed, soon obliterated. Each fl. surrounded by 2 or more 

 minute scales (involucre), which enlarge in fr. and form a leafy usually lobed 

 •sheath, the lobes sometimes spinescent. Nut hard, woody or bony. The thick 

 .oily cotyledons remain underground in the fr. when germinating. Species 7, 

 Northern hemisphere. 



1. C. Colurna, Linn. — Syn. C. Jacqnemontii, Dene, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 160 ; C. lacera, 

 "Wall. Vern. Thangi, Tha>irjoli,~Pa.ngi; Shurli, Sharoli, £andilla,"Ba,sh. ; Kaposi, Jauns. 

 North-West Himalaya, 5-10,000 ft., in places gregarious and sometimes associated with 

 Parrotia. On the Sutlej as far as Pangi on the right and Poari on the left bank. — 

 South-East Europe and Asia Minor. China. A moderate-sized tree, the scales of the 

 bark often detaching themselves at the base and exfoliating upwards, buds short, nearly 

 hemispherical. L. glabrous when mature, obovate, shortly acuminate, base cordate, 

 -untqually serrate, and often slightly lobed, blade 5-6, pet. 1-li in. o* bracts obovate, 

 acute, bearing along the midrib 8 one-celled anthers on short more or less connate 

 filaments. Fr. usually in clusters, involucre coriaceous, cleft into linear-lanceolate 

 lobes with glandular hairs, much longer than nuts, supported by large laeiniate bracts. 

 -2. C. ferox, AVall. PL As. Ear, t. 87. Nepal. Sikkim 8-10,000 ft.— China (var. thibetica), 

 A small tree, buds silky, elongated. L. ovate-lanceolate, serratures cuspidate, 

 •unequal, blade 4-5, pet. \ in. long, hairy. $ scales bearing at their base 4 subsessile 

 •stamens, each with 2 distinct contiguous anther-cells. Fr. in clusters of 3-6, involucre 

 villous, thick, almost fleshy, lobes pinnatifid, the segments terminating in slender 

 •spines \ in. long. 



Order CVII. FAGACEvE. Prantl in Engler u. Prantl iii. 1. 47. 



(Cupuliferce, tribe iii. Quercinece, Gen. PI. iii. 403.) 



Monoecious trees, rarely shrubs, 1. alternate, simple, but often deeply lobed, 

 penninerved, stipules deciduous. $ fl. in drooping catkins or in erect spikes, 

 anther-cells not separate. 5 fl. in spikes, each fl. or group of 2-3 fl. enclosed 

 in an involucre of numerous bracts, coalescing in fr. Perianth adnate to the 

 ■ovary, limb minutely toothed. Ovary more or less completely 3-6-celled, 

 ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous. Nuts indehiscent, one or several supported 

 by or enclosed in the enlarged coriaceous, crustaceous or woody involucre, the 

 rudiments of the abortive ovules at the base or at the apex of the seed. 

 Pericarp coriaceous or woody, cotyledons thick fleshy, albumen 0. 



Ovary 3-celled. 



One ? fl. in each involucre, nuts supported by a cup or 



enclosed in an involucre not clothed with hard spines . 1. Quekcus. 

 Usually 2-3 ? fl. in each involucre, nuts enclosed in the 



enlarged involucre, which usually is spinous . . .2. Castanopsis. 

 •Ovary 6-celled. 



Usually 3 9 fl. in each involucre, nuts enclosed in the 



enlarged 2-4-valved spinous involucre . . .. • Castanea (p. 635). 



1. QUERCUS, Linn. ; El. Brit. Ind. v. 600. 



(Pasania and Quercus, Prantl in Engler u. Prantl iii. 1. 55.) 



Trees, rarely shrubs, pith in most species pentagonal, the angles often 

 ^projecting. Med. rays of two classes, broad or very broad and narrow. 



