Quercus] CVII. FAGACE.E 025 



Several species of Sect. Pasania : lappacea, acuminata, pachyphylla and 



/'. in strata have uniform very fine rays, numerous and equidistant. Wavy 

 soft, more or less concentric bands of wood-parenchyma (often very narrow) 

 in most species. Wood-fibres with bordered pits, g fl. in drooping catkins 

 .or erect spikes, perianth of 3-8 segments, more or less connate at the base, 

 stamens as many as or twice the number of segments, a rudimentary ovary in 

 some species. $ fl. on erect axillary, often very short spikes, each fl., or in 

 a few species a pair of fl., in an involucre of numerous bracts or scales, which 

 in fr. coalesce and form a cup or a bag entirely enclosing the nut and are often 

 connate into concentric belts. Ovary 3-celled, styles 3, stigmatose on the 

 inner surface or at the apex only, often red. Cotyledons thick flesh}', remain 

 underground when germinating, starch as a rule the reserve substance. 

 Species about 300, Europe, Mediterranean region, Asia, North America. 

 Thitcha, Barm, and in Upper Burma Zagat and Metlein are used indis- 

 criminately for several species. 



Sect. i. Lepidobalanus. Spikes unisexual, <J simple, lax, mostly pendulous, 

 deciduous, usually fascicled. Fruiting spikes short, often with 1 or 2 acorns 

 only, rachis softly hairy, not ribbed. Cup hemispherical, bracts imbricate, 

 tips free. L. usually serrate or lobed. 



A. Mature 1. hairy or tomentose beueath. 



1. Q. semecarpifolia, Smith; Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 174; Brandis F. Fl. 

 t. 64; King in Ann. Gard. Calc. ii. t. 15a; Collett Simla Fl. 474, fig. 152. 

 Vern. Banjar, Haz. ; Kharshu, Hind. ; Mara. Kreo, Chamba; Klior, Bash. 



A large gregarious tree, sometimes leafless for a few weeks in spring, bark 

 dark grey, cut by shallow cracks into small more or less 4-sided scales, shoots 

 and young 1. softly rust} - - tomentose. L. rigidly coriaceous, glabrous and dark 

 green above, generally hairy on the underside, entire or (on young trees always) 

 dentate with long spiuescent teeth, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, blade 2-5 in., pet. 

 very short, sec. n. generally bifurcating and brauching. <J catkins fascicled, 

 2-11 in. long, perianth-segments obtuse, ciliate. <J spikes short, few-fid., styles 

 3-5 linear, recurved. Fr. usually solitary, on the previous year's wood, glabrous, 

 1 in. diam., black when ripe, base enclosed by the thin concave cup. 



Kuram valley 9-11,000 ft. Himalaya. 8-10,000 ft., occasionally descending to 6,500 

 and ascending to 12,000 ft. East Manipiir on the Burma frontier, 8-10,000 ft. — China. 

 New 1. and II. A.pril-Jnne. The fr. ripens Aug.-Sept. of the next year, 15 months after 

 (lowering. Seeds profusely every second year, but a few trees here and there bear 

 acorns every year. Trees that bear acorns do not shed 1. that year, whereas those 

 which produce i fl. are generally leafless by I he middle of May (Kanjilal 338). 2, Q. 

 Ilex, I. inn. : Ring Ann. ii. t. 17. — Syn. Q. Baloot,Gr\\X. Vern. Haliit, Afg. : lirrli, Kun. 



Coram vallej 6,500 9,000 ft immon. 1 1 ill- north of the Peshawar valley at 3,500 ft. 



Chitral, 6 8,000 ft, Arid valleys of the inner Himalaya, on the upper.Ibelam. Chenab, 

 U.ivi and Sin lid, :i s,:>nii ft. In the Sutlej vallej the lower limit : Chergaon and Panwi, 

 the upper: Teling and Purhni. — Mediterranean region. Afghanistan. A middle-sized 

 evergreen tree, often only a shrub, branchlets, petioles and underside of 1. densely grey- 

 pubescent willi stellate hairs. L. coria ms. elliptic or elliptic-oblon;.'. '-m ire or with 



large spinescenl teeth, blade 2-8 in. long, pet. short, sec. n. not prominent. Anthers 

 hairy, Acorns 2 8on a peduncle 1-2 in. long, nuts at first nearly enclosed in the 



oup, scales hoarj , closelj appr d. Gamble, p, 672, mentions a i from the Chumbi 



vallej tvhich, In' think-, may possibly !>■■ t li is species. 



3. Q. Griffithii, Eook. f. & Thorns. ; King Ann. ii. t. IS. Thitcha, Lower, 

 Mi th in. I taper Burma . 



A large deciduous gregarious tree, bark silvery grey, branchlets and young 

 I. pale-, often rnsty-tomentose. L. coriaceous, underside usually pul>escent, 



obovate or oblan late, blade 6-9, pet. ,', \ in., stout, sec. a. 14-18 pair, 



prominent, nearh straight, terminating in large triangular serratures. Fr. 

 solitary or in short spikes, cup hemispherical, !, in. diam.. scales cls.lv 

 appressed, nut ', ;! in. long, nearly eyliiidrie. 



Bhutan. Khasi I Naga hills. Manipur. Hills of Dpper Burma, east of the 



[rawadi, Hills between the Sitang and the Sal ween, south as far a- Lomatee, common 



S s 



