Casfanopsis 



CVII. FAGACE.E 



C35 



Kaionj, Kumaon ; Musre katus, Nep. ; Kyanza, Lower, Thite ni, Thitigyin, 

 I rpper Burma. 

 A middle-sized (rarely large) evergreen tree, } r oung shoots pubescent. L. 



coriaceous or rliinly coriaceous, entire, 

 sometimes serrate near the apex, 

 lanceolate, long acuminate, blade 4-8, 

 pet. J in., upperside glabrous, under- 

 side pale or reddish, sometimes pube- 

 scent. Involucres distant, solitary or 

 in pairs, styles long, linear. Fr. J— 1 

 in. diam., on spikes up to 10 in. long, 

 [nvolucres not confluent, tomentose, 

 spines up to .1 in. long, usually on 

 shi irt ridges, often stellate or branched, 

 as a rule leaving portions of the in- 

 volucre uncovered, nuts 1-3, glabrous 

 •when mature, cotyledons ruminated. 



Outer Himalaya from the Ganges east- 

 wards, ascending to 6,000 ft. Assam. 

 Khasi hills. Manipur. Cachar. Chitta- 

 gong. Hills of Upper Burma and Mar- 

 taban. — Formosa. Fl. March-May, some- 



times later. Moi r less gregarious 



(Gamble). King 1. e. 102 recognizes the 

 following varieties : (a) typica. L. entire, 

 pubescence cinereous, spines numerous, 

 lung. slender, covering the walls of in- 

 volucre, nuts usually solitary, (b) ferox. 

 Involucres larger than in fa), spines 

 stouter but fewer, (c) longitpina. L. 

 large, spines stout curving, often h in. 

 long, (d) rrliitliiortirjia. Pubescence fer- 

 ruginous, involucre smaller than in (a), 

 less covered I iv the spines, which are 

 fewer and shorter, nut one. (e) Waltii. 

 Manipur, also Khasi hills and Kikkiin. 



Involucre small, almost w ly. densely 



clothed with short often rufous spines, 

 nuts 2-3. 



Fig. 197. 



Castano]isis tribuloidcs. A. PC '.. 



L0. C. armata, Spach ; King Ann. ii. t. 93. — Syn. Quercus armala, Eoxb. Cor. PI. t. 

 296: Wight [c. t. 7"o: Castanea tribuloides, var. armata, Kurz F. Fl. ii. 481. Vern. 

 Nekari, Beng.; Kanta Singar, Assam; Singhara, Tipperab. ; Kanla-lal batana, Chitta- 

 eong. Assam. Khasi hills. Tipperah. Chittagong, Maymyo, Upper Burma, 

 4,000 ft. A large tree, branchlets thinly pubescent, 1. entire, lanceolate. Made 6 9, 

 pet. J-J in., sec. ii. arching, i>-!l pair. Involucres solitary. Fr. II! in. diam.. trivy 

 pubescent, Spines pubescent, conical, very sharp, in stellate stalked clusters, arranged 



in imperfectly concentric ridges. Nuts single, pubescent. 



II. Involucre irregularly ovoid, usually indehiscent. tuberculate or with 

 short conical spines. 



11. C. rhamnifolia, A. DC; King Ann. ii. t. LOOb. — Syn. Castanea rhamnifolia, Kurz. 



Southern Pegu Soma, Paunglin, one of the mosl common trees in 1 1 vergreen forest 



A".. ,D i: .Ian L862). Hergui ( Wet thitla, Manson, March 1902), M..ia\ Penins, 



and An hi].. A tall tree, l.ark greenish-grey, youngesl Bhoots minutely puberulous, 



l.i ihlets and I. glabrous, 1. thinly coriai us, ovate or elliptic-lam late, acumu 



blade 8 6, pet, \ \ in. Spikes pubescent, in terminal panioles, v involucres frequently 

 at the base ol spike Fr. obliquely ovoid or obovoid, J I J in. long, grey-velvety, the 

 side towards ila- rachis Bat, uneven, the resl densely covered with short conical or 

 pyramidal spine, with sharp tips, nul one. 12, C. Sumatrana. A . 1 m '. ; King Ann. ii. 



t. 07. Syn. Castanea inerotia, I.indl. Hills east of Tonne: Kurz-. -Malaj Penins. 



niel Archip. I., glabrous, thinly coria us, Ian late, blade I 7, pel , ; i in., spikes 



pubescent, Fr. irregularly ovoid, l 1| in. lone, with 8 or 1 irregularly concentric 

 i ubercu late lines. 



Castanea sativa, Miller L768). — Syn. C. vulgaris, Lamarck 17s; ; < . vesca, Gartner 

 (I7ssi. Sweet Chesnul. MediteiTi nn region, China. Japan. Cultivated with 



