'652 CX. PALMiE [Calamus 



leaf-rachis armed with solitary and fascicled prickles, leaf-sheaths hearing a whip-like 

 tendril armed with spines and bristles. Spadix long, peduncle long, armed with stout 

 claw-shaped prickles. Fr. 1 by § in., scales deeply furrowed, pale with a dark band 

 down the middle. 9. C. Guruba, Ham. — Syn. C. Mastersianus, Griff. Palms t. 206. 

 Vern. Sundi bet, Ass. ; Kyeinni, Burm. Assam. Khasi hills. Cachar. Mouth of Megna. 

 Chittagong. Burma, in evergreen forest. Slender, climbing, 1. 3-4 ft. long, petiole and 

 rachis rusty pubescent while young, armed with reddish-brown spines, leaflets equidis- 

 tant, linear, 6-13 by J-f in., usually 3-nerved. Thorny flagella on sheath and spadix. 

 Spadix long slender, spathes tubular, terminating in long flat brown or green blades, 

 the lower spathes armed, the upper often unarmed. Male and female fl. on separate spa- 

 dices, spikelets distichously alternate on the slender ramifications of the spadix. Fr. J 

 in. diam., scales pale, margin brown. My old notes of April, 1859, say : Sheath, rachis 

 and flagella purple. 10. C. nitidus. Mart. Tenasserim. Similar to 9, spathes also ter- 

 minating in long leafy blades. Possibly not distinct. 11. C. leptospadix, Griff. Palms 

 t. 194, C. Sikkim, in damp places along rivers, ascending to 2,000 ft. Khasi hills. 

 Manipur. Scandent, forming tangled thickets, stems slender, foliage feathery. L. 

 3-4 ft. long, leaflets very numerous, thin, 8-10 in. long, narrow, acuminate, 2 stout n. 

 as prominent as the midrib, rachis armed with single recurved spines. Spadix long, 

 slender, pendulous, flagellum very long, armed with recurved claws, spikelets 

 numerous, recurved, \-\ in. long, spathels acute, membranous, fr. globose, J in. diam. 



12. C. pseudotenuis, Becc. Western Ghats and adjoining hill ranges from North 

 Kanara southwards. — Ceylon, low country. Extensive climber, stems slender. Leaflets 

 finely acuminate, 10-15 by |-1 in., stouter nerves on either side of midrib 3-5. Pet. 

 and lower part of rachis with straight spines up to 1 in. long, upper part of rachis with 

 single stout recurved spines. Spadix with long flagella, armed with short stout 

 recurved spines, usually several connate into a claw. £ fl. £ in. long, closely 

 packed on short recurved spikelets up to i in. long with 10-16 fl., sometimes 

 short and only with 2-3 fl. Fr. nearly globose, with beak § in. long, scales 

 pale, edge and basal appendix dark brown. 13. C. Thwaitesii, Becc, Ghats of 

 North Kanara in evergreen forests, and near the sea coast at Marmagoa. — Ceylon, 

 moist low country below 2,000 ft. A large climber, stems stout, 300 ft. long, 

 forming impenetrable cane brakes. Leaflets sharply acuminate, 12-18 by 1-1J in., 

 stouter nerves on either side of midrib 3-5, edges with long sharp bristles. Pet. and 

 lower part of rachis with straight flat (often fascicled) spines, upper portion of rachis 

 with claws of short recurved spines. Spadix with flagella, 15-20 ft, long, armed with 

 claws of 3-7 spines. Fl. $ : J in. long, closely packed and strictly distichous, on sjnkelets 

 3-6 in. long. Fr. ellipsoid, including beak, J in. long, scales furrowed, pale brown with 

 dark border, endosperm uniform. 



(b) Fruiting calyx pedicelliform. 



14. C. tenuis, Eoxb. ; Griff. Palms t. 193 A. B. C— Syn. C. Royleanus, Griff, t. 191. 

 Vern. Bet, Bent, Hind. Damp places in the subhimalayan tract locally abundant 

 from the Dehra Dun eastwards. Assam. East Bengal. Sundriban. Chittagong, 

 Pegu. A slender climber, forming extensive canebrakes, stem without the leaf -sheaths 

 not thicker than a common quill. L. li-2 ft., pet. 5-9 in. long, leaflets usually 

 3-nerved, 6-12 by -J-| in., pet. and rachis with single thorns. Thorny flagella from 

 leaf-sheaths and spadix. Fl. <$ J in., distichous, usually on separate spikelets, 1^-2 in. 

 long, often on the same spadix with ? spikelets, sometimes $ and 9 fl. on the same 

 spikelet. Fr. straw-coloured, nearly globose, with stalk and beak i in. long, endosperm 

 uniform. Called C. Botany, Linn., in Brandis F. Fl. 559. 15. C. melanacanthus, 

 Mart. Tenasserim. Rachis with a single row of short recurved black spines, fr. | in. 

 long, ellipsoid, scales pale, channelled, endosperm ruminate, embryo lateral. 16. 

 C. Rotang-, Linn. — Syn. C. Roxburyhii, Griff. Palms t. 192. Vern. Bethama, Tel. ; 

 Pirambu, Tarn. Coromandel coast. Pulicat. Courtallam. — Ceylon, dry region, com- 

 mon. Closely allied to C. tenuis, differs by shorter petioles, 6 spikelets i-1 in. fl. T V- J in. 

 long. Fr. subglobose, J in. diam., pale yellow with a shallow median channel. 



17. C. Huegeliamis, Mart.— Syn. C. Wigldii, Griff. Palms t. 216 C. Nilgiris. 

 Leaflets equidistant, pale beneath, linear, long acuminate, 12-16 by f-1 in., pet. and 

 rachis armed with very stout short recui-ved spines. Spadix erect, spathes tubular, trun- 

 cate. Fruiting spikes recurved, fr. globose, black, shining, |-J in.-diam.^seated on the 

 pedicelliform calyx with spreading lobes. 18. C. Gamblei, Becc. Nilgiris. Leaflets 

 20-30 in. long, fr. pale brown, scales deeply channelled, pedicel, including the campan- 

 ulate calyx, \-\ in. long. 



C. Leaflets numerous, more or less fascicled. 



(a) Fruiting calyx not pedicelliform (fr. unknown in 21 and 22). 



19. C. viminalis, Willd.— Syn. C. fasciculatus, Boxb. ; Griff. Palms t. 195 A. B. Vern. 

 Bara bet, Beng. ; Pepa, Tel. ; Kyein lea, Burm. Lower Bengal, common in the village 



