654 CX. PALM^ [Calamus 



half whorls of slender black spines, which break off readily, rachis stout (as well as. 

 flagellum), armed with stout recurved spines connate in groups (claws). Spadix large, 

 nodding, fruiting spikelets on naked peduncles partly enclosed by the spathes. Fr.- 

 numerous, distichous, ovoid, J in. long, pale brown, scales convex, not furrowed, ap- 

 pendix fimbriate. The best large cane of the Andamans. 81. C. palustris, Griff. Palms 

 t. 199. Andamans. Tenasserim. — Malay Penins., Cochinchina. Foliage similar to C. 

 latifolius, with which Kurz unites it. Fr. smaller, calyx-tube not pedicelliform. 



Imperfectly known : — 



32. C. quinquenervius, Roxb. Silhet. 33. C. dilaceratus, Becc. Nicobars. 34. 

 C. nicobarieus, Becc. Nicobars. 



11. CARYOTA, Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 422. 



Tall Palms, 1. few, broad, bipinnate, leaflets (pinnules) green beneath, very 

 obliquely euneate, tip praamorse or rounded. Spadices large, axillary, much 

 branched, the branches pendulous, spathes 3-5, tubular. PL usually in groups 

 of three, the central and lowest being $ , the two others $ . Male : sepals 

 rounded, imbricate, petals coriaceous, oblong, valvate, stamens numerous. 

 Pemale : fl. subglobose, sepals imbricate, petals triangular, valvate, ovary 

 3-celled. Fr. globose, seeds 1-2, endosperm ruminate, embryo dorsal. Species 

 10, from India to Australia. 



1. C. urens, Linn. The Mhar palm of Western India. Vern. Mart, Hind ; 

 Birli, Mar. ; Baini, Kan. ; Jiluga, Tel. : Konda panni, ITiippali, Tarn. ; 

 Chunda pana, Mai. ; Minbaic, Burm. Trunk annulate, attaining nearly 

 50 ft. and a diam. of 2 ft., no root-suckers. L. 18-20 by 10-12 ft., outer 

 margin of leaflets produced into a narrow triangular point, terminal leaflets 

 2- or 3-lobed. Spadix 10-12 ft. long, the uppermost flowering first, and so 

 on, until that next the ground has flowered and seeded, when the tree dies. 

 Peduncle stout, curved, entirely covered with large coriaceous spathes, 

 branches long pendulous, resembling a huge horse-tail. $ fl. half in. long or 

 more, stamens 40-45, tip of anthers bifid or emarginate. Fr. reddish, |—| in. 

 diam. 



Snbhimalayan tract from Nepal eastwards, ascending to 5,000 ft. Assam. Khasi 

 hills. Manipur. Chittagong. Upper Burma. Pegu. Western Ghats, in evergreen 

 forest. Orissa. The Circars. Shady valleys of the hills on the east side of the 

 Peninsula. — Ceylon. Malaya. Fl. H. and U.S. The Kitul fibre from the leaves, sago 

 from the interior of the stem, sugar and toddy from the cut spadix. 



2. C. otitusa, Griff. Palms t. 236 a, b (pbtusidentata). Mishmi hills 3,400 ft. Similar 

 to 1, but leaflets obtuse, outer margin not tailed, <J fl. smaller. 3. C. mitis, Lour. — 

 Syn. C. sobolifera, "Wall. ; Griff. Palms t. 236 C. Arakan Yoma. Martaban. Anda- 

 mans. — Malay Penins. and Archip. Tufted, trunk 8-40 ft. high, 4-5 in. diam., with 

 numerous root-suckers. L. 8-9 ft. long, leaflets (pinnules) obliquely prsemorse, 

 the outer margin acuminate. Fl. not regularly arranged in groups of 3, i J in. 

 long, flesh-coloured, stamens 17. 



Korthalsia laciniosa, Mart. — Syn. K. scaphigera, Kurz (non Mart.) Journ. As. Soc. 

 Beng. 43 t. 20, 21. ; C'alamosayus laciniosus, Griff. Palms t. 183. Vern. Wapo- 

 kyein, Burm. Andamans. Tenasserim. Climbing, often forked, the cane (without 

 sheaths) up to § in. diam. L. pinnate, 2-^i, flabellum stout, 2 ft. long, leaflets narrowed 

 into a short petiolule, equidistant, alternate, ovate- or cuneate-rhomboid, praemorse, 

 n. flabellate, stouter 8-12, transverse veinlets numerous, sheath produced into a tubular 

 ochrea 4-5 in. long, splitting up into fibres. Spadix stout, piercing through the back 

 of the leaf sheath, branched, fl. bisexual, densely crowded on catkin-like cylindric tawny 

 tomentose spikelets, in the axils of tubular persistent spathes. Ovary imperfectly 

 3-celled. Fr. \-h in. long, 1-seeded, clothed with retrorsely imbricate trapezoid scales. 

 K. scaphigera, as well as a few other Malayan species, have an inflated ligule on the leaf- 

 sheath, inhabited by ants. In the Mergui district may probably be found K. poly- 

 stachya, Mart., with slender spikelets 5-7 in. long. - 



12. WALLICHIA, Eoxb. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 418. 



L. pinnate, leaflets white or pale beneath, with numerous longitudinal n. 

 separating at acute angles from the prominent midrib, the terminal leaflets 



