•656 CX. PA.IMM [Livistona 



14. LIVISTONA, Rob. Brown; Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 434. 



Trunks tall, annulate, 1. nearly orbicular, segments linear, connate to the 

 middle, each with a midrib, pet. spinous. Fl. bisexual, spadix axillary, 

 sheathed by numerous tubular spathes. Sepals rounded, imbricate. Corolla 

 coriaceous, 3-lobed. Stamens 6, filaments short, their dilated base united into 

 a ring, anthers versatile. Carpels 3, globose, free, styles free or cohering. 

 Drupes 1-3, seed one, ventral face hollowed, endosperm uniform, embryo dorsal. 

 Species 13, tropical Asia and Australia. 



1. L. speciosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal 43 t. 13, 14. Vern. Taung tan, Taw 

 tan, Burm. Evergreen forests in Pegu and Upper Tenasserim. Trunk 40-70 ft., pet. 

 armed with dark-coloured, curved sharp spines, up to \ in. long and \ in. broad at 

 base, blade 6-7 ft. diam., segments sharply 2-cleft at apex, transverse veins prominent. 

 Spadix panicled, 1-A ft. long, drupe dark blue, f-1 in. long, 1-seeded. 2. L. Jenktnsiana, 

 Griff. Palms t. 226 A. B. Sikkim, lower hills and outer valleys. Assam. Naga hills. 

 Vern. Toko Pat, Ass. Trunk 20-30 ft. high, 6-7 in. diam. Leaf-blade 5-6 ft. across, 

 segments 70-80 obtusely 2-loded at the apex, transverse veins prominent. Spadix 

 2-3 ft. long, the peduncle entirely covered with chestnut-red coriaceous spathes. 

 Drupe leaden-blue, f-1 in. diam. 3. L. ctiinensis, Bob. Brown. China and Japan, 

 cultivated in gardens, trunk 25 ft., 1. reniform, segments deeply 2-fid., long acuminate, 

 •drooping. 



15. LICUALA, Eumph. : Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 430. 



L. nearly orbicular, divided to the petiole into numerous mostly cuneate 

 segments, each with several main longitudinal nerves, pet. spinous. Fl. 

 bisexual, spadix axillary, branches adnate to or beyond mouth of the coriaceous 

 tubular persistent spathes, calyx tubular, 3-fid, corolla-lobes coriaceous, 

 valvate. Stamens 6, anthers with a caudate base, filaments dilated below, 

 adnate to the corolla-tube. Carpels 3, triquetrous, free or nearly so, styles 

 filiform, cohering. Drupe one, by the abortion of 2 carpels, supported by the 

 persistent calyx-tube, 1-seeded, endosperm horny, uniform, embryo dorsal, 

 oblique. Species 45, trop. Asia, Australia and Pacific islands. 



A. Fl. large -J?- § in. long. 



1. L. peltata, Boxb. ; Griff. Palms t. 222. Vern. Kurud, Beng. ; Patti, Ass.; Salu. 

 Burm. Sikkim, deep hot valleys near the Teesta river. Assam. Khasi hills. Cachar, 

 •Chittagong. Andamans. Burma, Upper and Lower, common in damp ravines of 

 the Pegu Yoma. Trunk 3-10 ft. high, sometimes thicker in the upper portion, due to 

 the persistent petiole bases. Pet. up to 6 ft. long, blade peltate, orbicular, horizontal, 

 segments cuneate, 16-20, plaited and 6-10-dentate at the apex. Spadix erect, longer 

 than 1., simply branched, with 3-5 drooping spikes, densely covered with greenish- 

 white fl., rachis and fl. tomentose. Pr. red, i in. long. 



B. Fl. small. 



2. L. longipes, Griff. Palms t. 224 A. B. Mergui. Malay Penins. Nearly stemless, 

 pet. stout, 4-5 ft. long, blade 2 by 3 ft., peltate, segments 20-22, the lateral 3-4-lobed, 

 -the terminal broader, cuneate. Spadix erect, shorter than 1., much branched, the 

 branches in the axils of large sheathing spathes, lacerate at mouth, spikes and fl. 

 pubescent. 3. L. spinosa, Wurmb. — Syn. L. paludosa,-JLuTZ. Andamans, tidal forests. 

 Nicobars. Malay Penins. Tufted, trunk 8-15 ft. high, 2-4 in. diam., pet. up to 4 ft. 

 long, blade reniform in outline, 4 ft. across, segments 18-22, linear-cuneate. Spadix 

 a little longer than 1. Pr. red, J in. long. 



16. TRACHYCARPUS, H. Wendl. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 435. 



Trunk tall, 1. reniform or suborbicular, segments linear, connate to the 

 middle or nearly so, each with a midrib, pet. semi-cylindric, upper surface 

 fiat, edges spinous, separating near the base into a network of stiff fibres. Fl. 

 polygamo-moncecious. Spadix axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves, 

 stout, much branched, spathes numerous, coriaceous, tomentose, sheathing. 

 Sepals 3, ovate, petals broadly ovate, valvate, stamens 6, filaments free, anthers 

 dorsifixed. Carpels 3, distinct, stigmas recurved. Drupes 1-3, seeds erect, 



