666 CXII. GRAMTNE,E [Arundinaria 



40 ft. high, internodes 6-15 in. long, |-1 in. diam., culm-sheaths glabrous, 

 thin, straw-coloured, very smooth and shining within, 6-8 in. long, sides 

 parallel to near the apex, where they are narrowed to a truncately-rounded 

 apex ^ in. broad, blade caducous, 2-4 in. long. L. 3-5 by J-4- in., narrowed 

 into a short petiole, which is articulate with the sheath, n. 24-30 in \ in., 

 transverse veins conspicuous, dividing the area of the leaf into long rectangles, 

 leaf-sheaths coriaceous, straw-coloured, ribbed, fimbriate at the apex, persistent 

 after the 1. fall, forming an acute angle with the branch. Flowering distinct 

 irom the leaf-bearing stems, but the former always with a few 1. Spikelets 

 l-2j in. long, with 4-8 fertile fl. often 2-3 together in the axil of a large 

 membranous ribbed sheath 2-3 in. long, fimbriate at the apex like a leaf- 

 sheath ; sometimes bearing a green, but usually terminating in a short dry 

 •early deciduous membranous blade. Fl. glumes long — acuminate. Stigmas 3, 

 long, plumose, sessile. 



North- West Himalaya, Sutlej to Nepal 7-10,000 ft., often forming underwood under 

 Deodar, Cypress, the Himalayan Spruce, Silver Fir, and Quercus semecarjnfolia, but 

 also forming forests of its own with a few scattered trees among the Bamboo. The 

 clumps generally stand close together, forming extensive thickets, so that adjoining 

 clusters cannot often readily be separated. The culms die after ripening their seed. 

 The stems are exported largely to the plains for hookah tubes, fishing rods and other 

 purposes. 16. A. aristata, Gamble, t. 17. Vera. Rato-nigala, Nep. ; Sabain, Lepcha ; 

 Bhebham, Bhutia. Sikkim and British Bhutan 9-11,000 ft. Culms 8-12 ft. high, 

 ■shining yellow when mature, internodes 8-12 in. long, i in. diam., walls thick, nodes 

 prominent through the persistent cup- or ring-like base of the fallen sheath, culm- 

 sheaths prominently ribbed. Branchlets purple, 1. approximate at the ends, n. 24-33 

 on J in., transverse veins like 15, leaf-sheaths loose, strongly ribbed. Inflorescence with 

 numerous large spathaceous bracts, often with a leafy blade, enclosing clusters of 3-5 

 spikelets on short pedicels. Spikelets 1-2 in. long, with 4-8 fertile fl., fl. glume long 

 acuminate. Caryopsis linear-oblong, acute. Flowered on the Singalila range in 1868, 

 1869, 1890, and (over a small area) in 1900. 17. A. Falconeri, Benth. and Hook. f. ; Gamble, 

 -t. 18 ; O. Stapf in Bot. Magazine t. 7947, and in Gard. Chron. xxxv. (1904) 305 ; Gilbert 

 Rogers in Ind. For. xxvii. 785. Syn. A. nobilis, Mitford. Himalaya from Jaunsar 

 eastwards, 6-10,000 ft. Chakrata 6^000 ft. (D.B., in fl. April 1881). Loosely tufted, 

 attains 20 ft., culms J-f in. diam., not glaucous, sometimes striped, yellow and green, 

 node rim glabrous, internodes 8-15 in. long. Culm-sheaths oblong, shortly narrowed 

 towards the apex with convex margins. L. 3-6 by J— J in., thin, transverse veinlets 

 ■obscure, but often visible on the underside of dry 1., n. 21-27 on J in. Spikelets 1-fld. 

 with an elongate slender sterile rachilla, fl. glumes shortly mucronate. Eacemes of 

 '5-7 spikelets in the axils of sheathing bracts, J-1J in. long, usually truncate. Fl. 

 gregariously. Madden found it in seed near the Pindari glacier, Sept. 1846, and in 

 1847 sent quantities of the seed to England, which was the origin of the plants that 

 flowered all over Europe and in Algeria in 1875 and 1876. In Sikkim it fid. in 1876 

 and at Darjeeling in 1900. Readily distinguished from A. falcata by the distant 

 longitud. nerves, 1. resembling those of A. Hookeriana. 



IV. Mostly climbing, transverse veins not conspicuous. 



18. A. Prauiii, Gamble, t. 19. Syn. Microcalamus Prainii, Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. 

 FSeng\ 59, 207. Vern. Sampit, Naga. Naga and Jaintia hills 3,500-8,000 ft. A small 

 wiry climber, culms up to 30 ft. long, internodes usually 8-9 in. long, walls thick, 

 often quite solid, 1. thin, 2-4 in. long, n. 33-39 on J in., transverse veins faintly visible. 

 ■Spikelets 3-6-fld., 1-1J in. long, rachis flexuose, on lax slender racemes in leafy 

 panicles, fl. glume broad-ovate acute, stamens 6. In fl. Naga hills 1886 (Prain). 19. 

 A Mannii, Gamble, t. 26. Khasi hills (Beneng). Slender tufted wiry climbing culms 

 up to 30 ft., internodes 3 ft. long, \ in. diam., quite solid, culm-sheaths 12-18 in. long, 

 thin and slender, blade continuous with sheath, linear, 9-10 in. long. L. thin 6-9 by 

 J-f in. n. 24 on J in., transverse veins few, bent, not prominent, fl. unknown. 20. 

 A. Clarkei, Gamble MSS. Manipur. A slight shrub 10 ft. high, 1. 4-7 by \-% in., 

 n. 28-33 on \ in. Stamens 6, hence placed here. 



V. Fl. unknown. 



A. Transverse veins conspicuous. 



(a) Single stemmed. 



21. A. Jaunsarensis, Gamble, t. 22 ; Kanjilal F. Fl. 366. Tutuagadh, Mundali, 



Jaunsar 7-S.000 ft. Eanmi and Duduloli, Garhwal, 8,500-9,000 ft, Strachey and 



Winterbottom. Culms single, 10-15 ft. high, arising from a long creeping rhizome, 



internodes 9-11 in. long, h in. diam. L. 4-6 by J-| in., n. 33-42 on J in., transv. 



