680 CXII. GRAMINEjE [Cephalostachyum 



nearly globose, consisting of numerous short spikes, each spike with several 

 spikelets, the lowest spikelets usually sterile with numerous empty glumes, 

 the uppermost with one fertile and several empty glumes. Palea thin, con- 

 volute, many-nerved, the two keels close together. Carj'opsis glabrous, 

 beaked, supported by the persistent glumes and lodicules and imbedded in a 

 densely-packed mass of dry sterile spikelets. Species 7. 



A. Heads along elongated spikes, forming a large panicle. 



1. C. pergracile, Munro; Gamble, t. 95. Vern. Tinwa, Burm. ; Wablo, 

 Kar. ; Maikpang, Shan. 



Tufted, but not densely, culms erect, 30-40 ft. high, nodes in the lower 

 part with dense half-whorls of rigid, simple green, usually leafless branches, 

 spinescent at the ends. Internodes near the base 6, higher up 12-18 in. long, 

 diam. 2-3 in., walls \ in., nodes horizontal. Culm-sheaths thick, one-third 

 the length of internode, polished orange-brown, the lower part densely clothed 

 with black stiff deciduous hairs, on young shoots forming a marked contrast 

 with the green internodes, as they, while gradually lengthening out, emerge 

 from the sheaths, blade triangular, cuspidate, on both sides with a fimbriate 

 fringe, bordering the top of sheath. L. green beneath, 6-14 by |-2 in., 

 n. 27-30 on \ in. ; prominent but deciduous cilia at the mouth of sheath. Fl. 

 frequently, at times gregariously over large areas. Heads globose, to broadly 

 obconical, clothed with long soft hairs, supported by sheathing bracts 1-liin. 

 long, on long slender, but wiry pendulous branches of a large leafless panicle, 

 distance between heads 2-3 in. Caryopsis cylindric, grooved, \-\ in. long, 

 beak hairy, straight, as long as caryopsis, pericarp coriaceous, embryo visible 

 on the outside. 



Burma, Upper and Lower, common, chiefly in the lower hills, in deciduous forest 

 near streams. One of the most useful Bamboos, made into houseposts, walling, mats 

 shingles and baskets. Pice is cooked in the joints, the outer green layer of the stem 

 may be split very fine. Gamble refers to C. pergracile a Bamboo cultivated in the 

 Sibsagar district of Assam (Latang, Naga ; Khawlam, Singhpo), said to be wild on 

 the lower Naga hills, as well as specimens coll. by himself in 1881 in the Singbhum 

 district. F. Dalton communicates Tinka, Burm., from Myitkyina, Upper Burma, 

 which has the same culm-sheaths and 1. as C. pergracile, but is stated to have isolated 

 stems and a few leaf-bearing branches in the lower part of the culm. 2. C. flavescens, 

 Kurz ; Gamble, t. 96. Introduced from Pegu into the Royal Botanic Gardens, 

 Calcutta (Kurz). Culms 10-20 ft. high, internodes long, 1-li in. diam., culm-sheaths 

 grey- or golden-hairy, 4-5 in., blade triangular, 1-2 in. long, base decurrent into a 

 broad wavy fringe, bordering the top of sheath and extending beyond it into auricles 

 fringed with long bristles. L. linear, 3-6 by \ in., n. 48 on \ in., leaf-sheaths produced 

 into long narrow auricles. Panicle leafy, heads smaller than in 1, hairy, on rigid 

 spikes. 3. C. vtrg-atum, Kurz ; Gamble, t. 97. Upper Burma, Moganng, Griffith 

 (July 1837), and Indawgyee lake, in evergreen forest (J. W. Oliver, March 1895). 

 ( Waba, Burm. ; Lakra, Kaeh.)'. Middle-sized, culm-sheath thick, hard, 6-8 in., blade 

 triangular, cuspidate, 3-5 in. long, decurrent along the top of sheath into a narrow 

 band, bordered with stiff bristles. L. softly hairy beneath, 6-12 by 1-2 in., n. 21-24 

 on J in., sheaths ciliate, ligule hairy. Panicle large, leafless, heads obconical, 

 often approximate, and nearly confluent. 



B. Heads usually single, terminal. 



4. C. capitatum, Munro ; Gamble, t. 91. Sikkim and British Bhutan 2-8,000 ft., 

 forming dense thickets on the hillsides (Oobia, Gope, Nep.) Khasi hills (Sillea, sullea), 

 Hills east of Bhamo 5,500-6,000 ft. (Mont. Hill). Gregarious, densely-branching, 

 more or less scandent, culms 12-30 ft., yellow, internodes 2-3 ft. long, diam. 1-li in. 

 Culm-sheaths thin, 6-12 in., blade long. L. pale green, ovate-lanceolate, blade 6-8 by 

 1-2 in., pet. J in., n. on J in. 18-21. Leaf -sheaths glabrous, shining. Fl. -heads not 

 hairy, usually single, at the ends of leaf-bearing branches, which often stand in dense 

 half-whorls, sometimes axillary and then forming large panicles (var. decomposita). 

 Empty and flowering glumes convolute, concave below, ending in a long scabrous awn, 

 palea convolute with more or less conspicuous transverse veins, lodicules veined, 

 lanceolate £-£ in. long. 5. C. pallidum, Munro; Gamble, t. 92. Bhutan, Mishmi 

 hills. Khasi hills, Manipur and Patkoi range. Small, shrubby, culms 5 ft. high, 

 1. 3-6 by i-li in., n. 24-27 on \ in. Fl.-heads single at the ends of leafy densely- 



