Ptnus] CXIV. CONIFER. E 689 



B. Ovules erect, scales of cone few. Pollen grains not winged (Cupressinece). 

 (a) Scales of cone opposite, in several tiers. 



a. Scales of cone woody, seeds with an 



orbicular wing 5. Cupressus. 



j3. Scales of cone succulent, forming a berry- 

 like fruit, seeds not winged . . .6. Junipeius. 

 b) Si ales of cone spirally arranged on the axis, pecti- 

 nate at apex, supporting scales adnate to them Cryptomeria (p. 695). 



II. Cones imperfect, seeds 1 or few, not concealed by the scales ( Taxaceaz). 



A. Ovules refiexed, pollen-grains winged . . .7. Podocarpls.. 



B. Ovules bent down, seeds erect. Two anther-cells 



at the base of the male catkin scales. Pollen- 

 grains winged Dacrydium (p. 696). 



C. Ovules erect, solitary, seed enclosed in a red fleshy 



cup. 3-8 anther-cells on the underside of a 

 peltate male catkin scale. Pollen-grains not 

 winged 8. Taxcs. 



D. Ovules (-rfrt. in pairs at the base of scales. Male 



fl. in involucrate heads (compound catkins). 



Pollen-grains not winged 9. Cephalotaxps. 



Taxace.f. are treated as a separate order by Pilger in Engler's Pflanzenreich iv. 5. 



1. PIN US, Linn.; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. G51. 



Monoecious trees, the branches generally in whorls. Leaves dimorphous, 

 those of seedlings and elongating shoots single, those of ordinary branches 

 in clusters of 2, 3, or 5. on arrested branchlets, consisting of a short tubercular 

 axis with a number of membranous sheathing scales surrounding the leaves. 

 Axillary buds as a rule develop into branches only ;ir the end of each year's 

 terminal shoot, one whorl of side branches being firmed annually, so that the 

 a<;e of a tree may be determined, not only by counting the annual rings in the 

 wood, but iu the case of young trees also by the number of whorls on the 

 stem. There are however exceptions: I 'in us excelsa sometimes forms 2 

 whirls in one season, and /'. Gerardiarta is apt to throw out scattered side 

 branches, not in regular whorls. The male fl. catkins) are in crowded whorls 

 in the axils of membranous bracts at the base of the current year's shoot, 

 hence on those branches, which habitually bear $ fl., there are breaks in the 

 foliage, which indicate the position of previous year's catkins. Antheriferous 

 scales numerous, imbricate, each scale with 2 anther-cells on irs cinder-surface, 

 prolonged beyond them into a membranous crest. Female fl. (cones on 

 irate branches, solitary or in whirls, often pedunculate, peduncles with 

 scaly bracts. Ovules reversed, in pairs at the base of the carpelfary scales, each 

 carpellary with a supporting scale, which disappears before the cone ripens, 

 ('"ues formed of the enlarged woody carpellary scales, which are spirally 

 arranged around the axis and are more or less thickened at the a]iex. Seeds 

 in shallow excavations at the base of the scales, oily with a hard woody testa, 

 usually winged. 



A. Leaves in clusters ..f five, cones cylindric, scales not much thickened at 

 the apex. 



1. P. excelsa, Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 201; Griff, fc. Pi. As. t. 3G6, 

 also '. 365 P. Griffithii, MacClell.); Collett Simla Fl L85 Bg. LB7. The 

 Blue Pine. Vera. Chliclch, Chitral. Bi<Jr, Haz. ; Kail, Hind. ; Chil, Jumna; 

 him, Kunawar. 



A tall tree, attaining LBOft., bark Bmooth, Blate-coloured on young, rough 

 with shallow fissures on mature trees, foliage bluish-green, at high elevations 

 greyish-green. I., slender, 6 8 in. long, sheaths deciduous. Male catkins 

 ovoid, \ in. long. Cones generally 2 or •"> together, 6 12 in. on peduncles 



1-:; in. long, erect while young, pendulous afterwards, scales spatlmlate, 



V V 



