Pinus] CXTV. CONIFERS 691 



Scales broad, beak stout, recurved, obtusely triangular. Seeds irregularly 

 cylindric, 1 in. long, edible, wing short caducous. 



Kafiristan. Hariab district in the Kuram valley. 7-11,01X1 ft. North-West 

 Himalaya, in the inner valleys with a dry climate, 5-10,000 ft. Chitral. Gilgit. 

 Indus, Let ween Astor and [skardo. Upper Chenah. A few trees on the Upper Ravi. 

 Kunawar, occupying the lower slopes of the mountain sides near the river above 

 Chergaon and Jani. British Garhwal, below the Niti pass. Fl. June and July, the 

 cones ripen in the autumn of the second year. The I. remain 3^1 years on the 

 branches. The cones of the Hariab tree have not the stout recurved beak of the 

 sen les. 



C. Leaves in clusters of two. 



5. P. Merkusii, Jungh. Vein. Tinyuben, Burnt. Thaungyin valley above Mirawadi 



on stretches of high ground, r>llll-l,.jljn ft., associated with JJijilci'oiny/jiis tnbemtlnlux 

 (first reported by Capt. Latter in 1848, Selections from the Records of the Bengal 

 i lovernment, ix.. Calcutta 1852, p. 154). Shan States of Burma, in forests of Pentacmi . 

 Sltnrra <,hhi\n, Mrlnnorrlm a. and occasionally Dipterocarpus tuberculatus. — Sumatra. 

 < lochinchin'a. Philippines. Attains 100 ft., the trunk 5 ft. diam., branches forming a 

 flat umlu'ella-like crown, somewhat resembling P. Pinea, wood very resinous. L. 

 green, li in in. long, hack convex, sheaths grey with white fimbriate edge. The new 

 1. appear ( in the Thaungyin) Feb. March, and the old 1. fall early in their second year. 

 Cones usually in pairs, 'J-8 in. long, cylindric-conical, peduncle h in. long, scales with 

 a thick but flat pyramidal beak, the faces of which are sulcate. Seeds small, many 

 times shorter than the unequal-sided wing. 



2. CEDRUS, Link ; Fl. Brit. Lid. v. 653. 



Three local forms, which come true from seed, here classed as species, viz., 

 1. C. atlantica, Mauetti. Atlas mountains, forming extensive forests at 

 4-7,000ft. Leading shoot stiff erect, 1. short. 2. C. Libani, Barr. Taurus 

 and Anti-Taurus in Asia Minor 4-(>,4UO ft., forming forests with P. haricio. 

 Mountains of Cyprus. Lebanon chain. Extremities of branches stiff. 



3. C. Deodara, Loudon ; Brandis F. Fl. 516. — Syn. C. Libani, var. 

 Deodara, Hook. f. ; Collett, Simla Flora 486, fig. 159. Pinus Deodara, Griff. 

 Ic. PL As. t. 364. The Himalayan Cedar. Sans. Devadaru. Vera.. ROgh, 

 Chitral; DiCLr, Kiln, X.W'. Himal. ; Kelmang, Kunawar. 



A tall tree, attaining 250 ft. under favourable circumstances, the leading 



shoots ami extremities of branchlets drooping. Iieart-w I yellowish brown, 



strongly scented, very durable. Foliage (in its native honied usually dark 

 green, sometimes bluish-green. L. 1-1.\ in. loin;, triquetrous, single on 

 elongated shoots and on seedlings, otherwise in dense fascicles on arrested 

 branchlets. Catkins cylindric single, at the ends of arrested branchlets. 

 Cones erect, 4-5 in. lone;, 3-4 in. diam., obtuse, scales closely imbricate, 

 broadly cuneate, upper edge thin and rounded, broader than long, deciduous. 

 leaving the axis of the cone standing erect on the branches. Seeds J-j in., 

 wing triangular, :-[ in. long. Cotyledons usually 10. 



Lfgbanistan. Knram vollej 7,500 10,000 ft. Chitral. X.W. Himalaya I loom. 

 ascending in places to 1.2,000 ft. in the basin of the principal tributaries ol the Indus, 



of the Tons, Jumna and Bhagirati rivers. On two! lersof the AJaknanda. Cultivated 



in Eumaon and in Nepal. PI. Sept. Oct., 1 1 mes ripen in the autumn of the follow- 

 ing year, about 18 months after flowering. ' and , il. generally are on different 

 trees, sometimes on different branches of the same tree. Sbung Deodar requires shelter 

 and stands a great deal of shade, Belf-sown seedlings readily come up under Oak and 

 other nee,, and iii spite "t the s,,ft and drooping terminal shoots thej pierce with 

 great vigour through thickets of other trees. At tew the Deodar is the first of the 



6 Cedars to con at with a Bush of young leaves, the Lebanon Cedar usual lj follows 



a fortnight later, and the Atlas cedar comes la in interval of a few days, old 



ii. "i ill tine,, kinds, when growing isolated, particularly in exposed situations, 

 pt to form tabulated tops 



8. ABIES, .luss. : Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 654. 

 Tall trees, leaves more or loss bifarious, linear. I -nerved. Cone erect, 



