Ficea] CXIY. COXIFER.E 693 



Ear. t. 246 ; P. Khutrow, Royle HI. t. 84; Abies spinulosa, Griff. Ic. PI. As. 

 t. 363. The Himalayan Spruce. Vera. Achara, Chitral ; Ehchal, Haz. ; 

 J'ai, lvulu to Jaunsar; Ran, Raiang, Sutlej ; Tox, Kangra, Chaniba. 



A tall tree, usually 10O-120, sometimes over 200 ft. high, branches hori- 

 zontal, branchlets hanging tassel like, foliage dark green, bark greyish-brown, 

 divided by shallow cracks into small rounded or 4-sided scales. L. spirally 

 arranged all round the branches, stiff, pungent, 4-sided, 1-1 ^ in. long, readily 

 deciduous when dry, articulate on a persistent ultimately woodj r base or 

 cushion, the young shoots often capped by the old bud-scales. Male catkin 

 usually single, cylindric, 1 in. long, sessile, antheriferous scale with a broad 

 rounded denticulate apex, anthers linear. Cones cylindric, obtuse, 4-6 in. 

 long, pendulous, dark brown, scales with a thin edge, seeds ^ in. long, wing 

 broad, obliquely spathulate, h in. long. 



Kuram valley 8-12,000 ft., associated with Finn* t.rcrlsa. Kafiristan. Chitral. 

 Gilgit. Himalaya, common from Kashmir to Garhwal, 7-11,000 ft., often associated 

 with Quercua dilatata and semicarpifolia and other broad-leaved trees, as well as with 

 Deodar, Pimm exceha and the Himalayan Silver fir. Does not extend far into the 

 arid region: in Kunawar, Pangi is its limit on the right and Fuspa on the left 

 side of the valley. In Sikkim and Bhutan it grows in the inner valleys 8-15,000 ft. 

 Fl. April-May. the cones ripen in the autumn of the same year. Specimens from the 

 Chumbi valley have harder wood, but do not seem otherwise to differ from Picea 

 .1/... ■hirla. (See Addenda.) 



Tsuga Brunoniana, Carr. — Syn. Pinus Brunoniana, ~Wa.ll. PI. As. Ear. t. 247 ; Abies 

 dumoia, Loudon, Vern. Tengre Salla, Nep. ; Tangshing, Bhutia. North-East Kuruaon, 

 forming forests at 9-10,000 ft. Nepal. In the Sirikola valley, tributary of the little 

 Kan jit and elsewhere in the middle and inner ranges of Sikkim, forming extensive forests 



below the Silver fir at 6-10, ft. Bhutan. A tall tree, attaining 120 ft., branches 



spreading, branchlets pendulous. L. distichous, h-1 in. long, white-mealy beneath. 

 Cones ovoid, J-J in. long, scales broadh' elliptic, obtuse, supporting scales not projecting 

 in t he mature cone. FT. May, June, cones ripen the same year. 



Larue Griffith!!, Hook. f. & Thorns.; Hook. Him. Plants t. 21. Vern. Sah, Soar, 

 Sikkim. Inner ranges of East Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, 8-12.000 ft. Tibet, 



'■> L:-i,"i<H.i ft. A muderati-sized tree, heart-A 1 red, branches Long, pendulous, foliage 



pale green. L. deciduous, slender. 1 in. long, single on elongated shoots and seedlings, 

 otherwise in dense fascicles on arrested branchlets. Cones cylindric, 2-3 in. long, 

 erect (reversed) on the pendulous branchlets, scales persistent, supporting longer than 

 ovuliferous scales, tips reflexed cuspidate. 



5. CUPRESSUS, Linn.; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 645. 



Leaves small, scale-like, closely appressed, opposite, mostly imbricate, those 

 of seedlings (juvenile form i needle-like, spreading, in whorls of 3 or 4. Fl. 

 monoecious at the ends of short branchlets, male catkins cylindric, numerous, 

 stamens stipitate, peltate, bearing on their lower edge 2-4 subglobose anther- 

 cells. Scales of $ cones few, decussate, those at the base and at the apex 

 sterile, the others bearing above their base 4-8 erect ovules, supporting scales 

 none. As the cones mature the scales become woody peltate and angular, each 

 with t or more small compressed winged seeds, cotyledons 2-3. 



1. C. torulosa, Don. The Himalayan Cypress. Vern. Devi dinr, Ravi J 

 Qalla, Sutlej ; Leauri, Janus.: Surai, Raisal, Garhwal, Kumaon. 



A large tree, branches horizontal, wborled, with drooping branchlets, form- 

 ing a broad pyramidal crown, bark | ling off in long thin strips, heartwood 



light brown, fragrant. L. closely imbricate, triangular, Cones clustered, 

 1 in. diam. 



Outer range of the Himalaya from Chatnha to Nepal. i>-!l,lK10 ft., eliii-tly on lime- 

 stone, in places abundant, but more local and less common than most other Himalayan 



( lonifers. Fl. Peb. Apr., fr. ripens in the autumn of the s nd year, and is often lung 



persistent on the tree. -J. c. sempervlreDS, I. inn. Planted in gardens in Afghanistan 

 and North-Wesl [ndia. as well as throughout the Mediterranean region. A tall tree, 



stem fluted, branches erect, forming a narrow dense cylindric crown of dark green 



foliage. Cones few, 1 in. diam., scales rough, with a projecting, OOnveS or keeled. 



