696 CXIV. CONIFERS [Podocarpus 



A large tree, wood slightly aromatic. L. opposite or nearly so, 4-7 by 

 i-2 in., lanceolate or elongate-elliptic, acuminate, longitudinal n. numerous. 

 Fl. $ \ in. long, in pedunculate clusters, antheriferous scales ovate acu- 

 minate. Seeds solitary, J in. diam., seated on a cylindric fleshy scaly stalk. 



Khasi hills. Cachar. Martaban and Tenasserim. Tinnevelli gtats 3-5,000 ft. — 

 Malay Penins. Java. This must not he confounded with P. latifolius, E. Br. ; Pilger 

 in Engler's Pflanzenreich iv. 5, 90. — Syn. P. Thunbergii, Hook. ; Taxus latifolia, 

 Thunh., which is the Yellow Wood (G-eelhout) of South Africa. 



3. P. cupressina, Rob. Brown ;. Blume, Buniphia iii. 218, t. 172, fig. 2. — Syn. P. imbri- 

 catus, Blume ; Pilger in Engler's Pflanzenreich iv. 5, 56. Upper Burma on water parting 

 between Hukong and Mogaung valleys (N. B. Thompson, March 1896). Mogaung 

 valley near Serpentine Mines (Griffith, April 1837). — Malay Penins. and Archip. 

 Philippines. New Guinea. A tall tree, 1. dimorphous, (a) on short sterile branchlets 

 linear, flat, pungent, distichous, - l -J in. long, (6) on longer branchlets small acute, 

 more or less appressed, T \j in. long. The seed-bearing branchlets frequently have 

 small appressed 1. in the lower part and longer ones, up to J in. long in the upper 

 portion. 9 fl. almost enclosed by the uppermost 1. Seed and fleshy stalk red. 



Daerydium elatum, Wall. Tenasserim, Kurz. (doubtful). — Hills of Malay Penin- 

 sula. Ind. Archip. Cochinchina. Tonkin. A large tree with spreading branches 

 and weeping branchlets. Leaves dimorphous, (a) small closely imbricate, triquetrous 

 and (b) needle-shaped, 4-sided, pungent, i-| in. long. Fl. <5 , small catkins at the ends 

 of branchlets, scales flat with 2 anther-cells on the back at the base. 9 , a few ovuli- 

 ferous scales in a short spike, ovule 1 at the base of scale often bent down 

 when young. Seed erect, base enclosed in a shallow cup (epimatium, Pilger). 



8. TAXUS, Linn.; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 648. 



T. baccata, Linn, (the only species). Vern. Barma, Barmi, Tliunu, 

 Pb. ; Arkhau, Bash. ; Yamdal, Kunawar ; Thuner, Jauns. ; Dhengre Salla, 

 Nep. 



A slow-growing and long-lived tree or shrub, bark reddish-grey, thin, 

 smooth, peeling off in longitudinal shreds, heart-wood hard, usually reddish- 

 brown. Foliage dark green, 1. flat, linear, distichous, 1-li in. long, 1-nerved, 

 narrowed into a very short petiole, no resin canal. Fl. dioecious, on short 

 axillar} 7 branchlets, which are densely clothed with imbricating bracts. 

 $ pedicelled, subglobose, with numerous peltate scales, each bearing on the 

 underside 3-6 anther-cells, dehiscing longitudinally. $ a single erect ovule, 

 surrounded at the base by a disc, which is membranous in fl. but enlarges 

 into a red fleshy cup, surrounding the seed, testa hard, embryo in the upper 

 portion of the endosperm, cotyledons 2, thick fleshy. 



Throughout the Northern hemisphere in the temperate and warmer regions, on 

 mountains in the tropics. 6 subspecies are recognized, subsp. Wallichiana in India. 

 Kuram valley 7,500-9,000 ft. Himalaya 6-10,000 ft. in shady ravines. Khasi hills. 

 Euby Mines hills in Upper Burma above 5,000 ft. Fl. March-May. Fr. Sept.-Nov. 

 L. persist 6-8 years. 



9. CEPHALOTAXUS, Sieb. et Zucc. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 647. 



Dioecious shrubs or trees, 1. alternate, distichous, flat, linear, a large resin- 

 canal near the underside, between, epidermis and the fibro-vascular bundle of 

 the midrib. 3 fl. 6-11, in axillary globose heads (compound catkins) sup- 

 ported by a small involucre of imbricating scales, fl. in the axils of membranous 

 bracts, stamens 7-12, each consisting of a stipitate scale, bearing on its back 

 2-3 anther-cells, pollen-grains globose. $> fl. small pedunculate cones, 

 several in the axils of bracts at the base of terminal shoots, which lengthen 

 out after the cones have been fertilized, bracts at the base of peduncle and 

 sometimes also higher up. Scales 6-20 on the fleshy axis of the cone, each 

 with 2 ovules at the base, one of which only develops. At a later stage the 

 scales become fleshy and often confluent, so that the immature seeds appear as 

 if enclosed in fleshy cups. Seeds large, usually one or two only in each cone, 

 testa fleshy, resinous, with a thin inner hard woody layer. Ernbryo in the 



