CepJialotcacus] CXIV. COXIFEILE 697 



upper portion of the endosperm, cot3'ledons 2. Species 6, closely allied. Eastern 

 Asia. 



A. L. narrowed towards the base. 



1. C. Mannii, Hook. f. Khasi, Jaint ia and Xaga hills 4,500-8,500 ft. A small tree, 

 1. green beneath, 1-1} in. long, gradually narrowed into a sharp point, midrib promi- 

 nent "ii the upper, less so on the underside. Seed 1J in. long, striate. Gamble, Indian 

 Timbers ed. ii. p. 700, gives this from Upper Burma. I have not seen specimens. 

 Tii i us baceata, which is common in the Ruby Mines hills, has sometimes been con- 

 fused with this species, from which it may be distinguished by the absence of resin- 

 ils in the leaves. J. C. Fortunei, Hook. f. China. Pilger, Taxaceae, 103. gives 

 this from the Ruby Mines, Upper Burma. I have not seen specimens. A small tree, 

 I. white beneath, 2J-3J by i-£ in., gradually narrowed into a sharp point. Peduncle 

 of 9 fl. surrounded at base by broad and short, higher up by lanceolate bracts J in. 

 j. ovules 2 at the base of an ovate scale. 



B. L. with a broad rounded base. 



3. C. Grifflthii, Hook. f. Mishmi hills. Assam. Manipur. Bernardmyo, Ruby 

 Mines district, 5,500-6,500 ft. A middle-sized tree, bark brown, polished. L. falcate, 

 whitish beneath, 1J by i in., abruptly narrowed into a point, midrib prominent on 

 the upperside. Pilger, Taxaceee. 104, refers C. '• i-itjiihii, Oliver, Ic. Plant, t. 1933 (non 

 Hook, f.) to C. Oliver!, a Chinese species with thick rigid 1., the midrib not prominent 

 above. 



Order CXV. CYCADACEjE. Gen. PL iii. 443. 



Small trees, trunk cylindric, sometimes branched. A terminal crown of 

 leaves, bands of short coriaceous mostly woolly scales alternating with 

 bauds of large pinnate palm-like leaves. Fl. dioecious, at the apex of the 

 trunk among the leaves, the male usually in erect cones, sometimes two 

 together, formed of numerous thickened, flat or variously peltate scales, bear- 

 ing innumerable globose anther-cells on the under-surface. Anther-cells 

 dehiscing by a longitudinal slit, often arranged in stellate groups of 3-5. 

 Female : carpellary leaves (caxpophylls) in cones or in crowded whorls round 

 the apex of the stem, ovules large, sessile, orthotropous, integument one, near 

 the micropyle free and often prolonged into a beak. Several months elapse 

 between the growth of the pollen-tube and fertilization, which is effected 

 through motile spermatozoids, analogous to Ferns and to Gingko among 

 Conifers. Seed large, embryo enclosed in copious endosperm, the radicle 

 attached to a long twisted filiform suspensor. Cotyledons 2. 



In many species (Cfycas particularly) the alternate bands forme. 1 by the persistent 



be -■ ad leaves can I learly distinguished on the outside of the trunk, the 



bands formed b\ the base of leaf-stalks being more prominent, having the appear- 

 ance of thick annular euOi ions. The stem of ( \ ..M- i- remarkable bj the large size 

 oi pith and bark, both consisting of parenchymatous cells, usually filled with starch. 

 Mucilage canals, often branched and anastomosing, lined by thin-walled 

 cells, are frequent in the bark, whence they extend to the leaves, and thej ai Jso 



found in the pith. W I. cambium, bast, and medullary rays are arranged as in 



Conifers; the wood, apart from the medullary rays, consists entirely of lone; trache- 

 ides, more or less radially arranged, usually with several parallel lines of bordered 

 pits on the radial face, the pits oblong, not circular as in Conifers. These tracheides 

 in some cases have Bpirally and scaJarifbrm thickened walls, and they might, Bave 

 that their ends are not perforated, be olassed as vessels. The fibro-vascular bundles 

 (leaf-traces , « Inch enter the petiole, run for a considerable distance through the bark 

 before joining the central cylinder; the i light, the} are bent in a 



remarkable manner, and often anastomose. Iii Cyan and Encsphalartoi the action 

 of the cambium ceases, after the first central cylinder \n>«l and bast) has been 



formed, and then a fresh more or lees coi ntric cambium layer appears in the bark, 



which forms o Becond ring of wood and hast outside the first, and this process is 

 repec il times, the result being on n transverse section b number of mort 



less concentric masses ol wood, which sometimes anastomose, separated bj softer layers 

 I parenohj matous ' ] - 



