Rubus. ROSACEA. 171 



on short bractcate peduncles in spikes J to 2 inches Jong : calyx-lobes silky, exceed- 

 ing the tube and nearly equalling the spatulate petals : filaments and styles exserted : 

 carpels 3 to 8 (as many as the lobes of the calyx), somewhat villous or glabrous, 

 2-seeded. — Torr. & Gray, i"l. i. 412 ; Watson, Bot. King Exp. 81. 



In the mountains from New Mexico and Utah to Northern Nevada ( Watson) and tlie Cascade 

 Mountains, Oregon (Newberry) ; probably in Northern California, A singular subalpine spei ies. 



S. PECTTNATA, Torr. & Gray. A low herbaceous cespitose nearly glabrous perennial, with creep- 

 ing stilus and erect leafy branches : leaves rigid, attenuate-linear below, twice or thrice 3-cleft. the 

 lobes acute, narrow, spreading: raceme short, simple or compound, pubescent : calyx-lobes ex- 

 ceeding the tube, nearly equalling the white obovate petals : filaments included : carpels 4 to 

 (i, nearly smooth, 4 — 6-seeded. — Fl. i. 417. DtUkea swbaldioidcs, Bongard, Veg. Siteha, ISO, 

 t. 2. Eriogynia pectinala, Hook. Fl. i. 255, t. S8. From Bearing Straits to the Cascade Moun- 

 tains (.V. wbi Try), and perhaps on the higher mountains of Northern California. 



4. NEILLIA, Don. Nine-bark. 



Carpels 1 to 5, in our species inflated and divergent : ovules two to several, some 

 ascending, some pendulous : seeds obovoid or subglobosc, with a smooth and shining 

 crttstaceous testa, evident rhaphe, and copious albumen : otherwise as Spiraea. — 

 Diffuse shrubs; leaves simple, toothed or lobed; stipules rather large, deciduous; 

 flowers large, white, in simple corymbs or panicled racemes. 



Only 4 or 5 species, confined to the mountains of Asia, with the following exceptions. 



1. N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook. A shrub 3 to 10 feet high, with slender 

 spreading or recurved branches and ash-colored shreddy bark : leaves ovate oi often 

 cordate, 3-lobed and toothed, 1 to 3 inches long, on slender petioles, nearly gla- 

 brous : flowers on long slender pedicels in simple umbel-like hemispherical tomentose 

 corymbs: calyx-lobes shorter than the rounded petals, usually pubescent on both 

 Bides : carpels 2 to 5, at length 2 to 4 lines long and membranaceous, glabrous, 

 2- 4-seeded : seeds oblong-ovate, a line long. ■ — Spiraea opulifolia, Linn. 



Yar. mollis, Hook. Leaves somewhat stellate-pubescent beneath, and inflores- 

 cence more densely tomentose. — Fl. i. 171. Spiraea capitata, Pursh. 



On the rocky banks of streams from the Bay of San Francisco northward to British America, 

 and eastward across the continent. Another species. X. Torreyi, Watson, with smaller leaves 

 and flowers, and tomentose ovaries, is found from the East Humboldt Ml-., Nevada, to Colorado. 



5. RUBUS, Linn. RASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY. 



( lalyx persistent, 5-lobed, without bractlets ; tube short and open. I'd d- 5, con 

 spicuous. Stamens numerous. Carpels usually numerous upon a convex receptacle, 

 becoming small globose 1-seeded drupes : styles nearly terminal : ovules 2, pen- 

 dulous: putamen reticulately pitted. — Perennial herbs or somewhat woody,erecl or 

 trailing, often prickly ; leaves simple or pinnately 3 - 7-foliolate, with .stipules actuate 

 to the petioles; flowers white or reddish, in panicles or corymbs, or solitary; fruit 

 usually edible, black, red, or yellowish. 



A large "vims of nearly alio deserilied specie-, reducible to half as many, widely distribute'! 



over the globe ; - i « are North Amorican. The species are variable and often of dimcirl I 



determination. Two Californian species are cultivated abroad for ornament, but none fur fruit. 

 The Garden Raspberry is the European l:. hi" us, Linn., which the R. strigosus, Michx., of the 

 n States and Rocky Mountains, approaches very closely. The cultivated Blackberries an 

 mostly forms of 11. oillosus, Ait., of the Atlantic SI 



§ 1. Fruit with a bloom, separating from th receptacle when ripe. Raspberry. 



* Leaves simple, palmately lobed: stem soft-woody, without prickles: flowers large. 



1. R. Nutkanus, Mocino. (Salmon-berry.) .Stems ereel or drooping, 3 to 8 

 feel high; bark green and smooth or more or less glandular-pubescent, becoming 



