278 CAPRIF0LIACEJ3. Sambucus. 



1. S. glauca, ISTutt. Arborescent, glabrous, or often somewhat pubescent with 

 short and stiff spreading hairs : leaflets 3 to 9, of firm texture, ovate or lanceolate, 

 sharply serrate with rigid spreading teeth : cyme flat, 5 -parted : fruit black, but very 

 glaucous, so appearing to be white : nutlets obscurely rugose : pith of shoots white. 

 — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 13. 



Common throughout the State, and north and east of it ; 6 to 1 8 feet high, sometimes with 

 trunk 6 to 12 inches in diameter. Not easy to distinguish from S. nigra of Europe except by the 

 whitened fruit. It well may be S. Mexicana, Presl, to which it was referred by Torrey in Pacif. 

 R. Eep. iv. 95, Bot. Mex. Bound. 71, and in Bot. Wilkes Exp. 330, but with doubt. 



2. S. racemosa, Linn. Shrubby, mostly glabrous : leaflets 5 to 7, thin, oblong- 

 lanceolate, much acuminate, very sharply serrate : cyme ovate or pyriform : fruit 

 bright red ; its nutlets obscurely rugose : pith of shoots brown. — Hook. Fl. i. 279. 



Along the mountain ranges, in woods, extending far north. The Californian and Rocky 

 Mountain specimens are as glabrous as the European plant ; in British America and Alaska it is 

 commonly pubescent, as in the Atlantic States variety pubens, S. pubeiis, Michx. 



2. VIBURNUM, Linn. Arrow-wood, &c. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla wheel-shaped or open campanulate, deeply and regu- 

 larly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted. Stigmas 1 to 3. " Berries," really drupes, 

 containing a single flat or flatfish hard seed-like stone. — Shrubs or small trees, 

 with simple, but commonly toothed, and sometimes deeply lobed leaves, and white 

 flowers in a compound terminal cyme. 



A genus represented by a dozen species in the Eastern United States, only two of which ex- 

 tend, well northward, to the Pacific. One of these is the Cranberry-tree, as well as the Snowball- 

 tree or Guelder Rose of ornamental cultivation : in this the cyme is radiate in the manner of 

 Hydrangea, the marginal flowers being neutral and greatly enlarged. There is one peculiar spe- 

 cies on the coast of Oregon, which extends into California, viz. : — 



1. V. ellipticum, Hook. Shrub 2 to 5 feet high, with scaly buds: leaves 

 broadly oval or elliptical, roundish or very obtuse at both ends, 3 - 5-ribbed from 

 the base, coarsely dentate above the middle, the lower surface and petioles with the 

 young shoots hairy : cyme dense, peduncled : flowers all perfect : fruits oval, bluish- 

 black (half an inch long) ; the stone grooved on both sides. — Hook. Fl. i. 280. 



In woods, Mendocino Co. (Kellogg) ; extending to the Columbia River. Related to V. pubes- 

 cens and V. dentatum of the Atlantic side. 



3. LINN-ffiA, Gronov. Twin-flower. 

 Calyx 5-lobed ; the lobes subulate, deciduous. Corolla obscurely irregular, fun- 

 nelform, 5-lobed. Stamens one fewer than the lobes of the corolla, i. e. 4, inserted 

 low down on the corolla, included, two of them shorter. Ovary and the small 

 dry fruit 3-celled, one cell with a suspended fertile ovule and seed, the two others 

 with several abortive ovules. Style slender : stigma somewhat capitate. — Con- 

 tains a single species. 



1. L. borealis, Gronov. A low and almost herbaceous little evergreen, with 

 slender and creeping or trailing stems : leaves round-oval, sparingly crenate, nar- 

 rowed at base into short petioles : peduncles erect, slender, forking into two pedi- 

 cels at the top, each bearing a single delicate and fragrant nodding flower : corolla 

 tinged with purple or rose-color, hairy inside. 



Moist mossy woods, Mendocino Co. ; common in Oregon and eastward, extending all round the 

 northern cool-temperate zone. The California locality rests on Dr. Bolander's authority. It 

 would be interesting to know if the specimens are of the ordinary type, or of the variety lemgi- 

 flora, Torr. in Bot. Wilkes Exped., which is the usual form in Oregon, and is remarkable for its 

 larger flowers, the tube of the corolla with a long tapering base, and the slender calyx-lobes three 

 times longer than the ovary. In Colorado the ordinary form only is found. 



