Encelia. COMPOSITE. 351 



47. ENCELIA, Adanson. 



Head many-flowered, heterogamous, with several or numerous neutral rays, or 

 rarely homogamous, the rays wanting; disk-flowers perfect. Involucre hemispherical 

 or campanulate, of more or less imbricated and herbaceous scales. Ueeeptaele Hat- 

 tish ; the chaff subtending the disk-flowers mostly thin, concave or folded around 

 the akenes. Disk-corollas cylindraceous or somewhat funuelform, 5-toothed. 

 Style-appendages commonly more or less elongated, hirsute. Akenes flat (laterally 

 much compressed) and thin-edged, but wingless, obovate or oblong-oval with more 

 or less emarginate or bidentate summit, long-ciliate or naked. Pappus none or a 

 pair of awns ; no intermediate scales. — Perennial herbs, or with shrubby base (all 

 American and chiefly Western); with opposite or alternate and simple but sometimes 

 lobed leaves, and middle-sized or pretty large slender-peduncled heads of chiefly 

 yellow flowers, those of the disk occasionally brownish or purple. — Benth. & Hook. 

 Gen. ii. 378 (inch Gercea, BaraUia, k Simsia) ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 656. 



§ 1. AJcen.es villous-ciliate : pappus none, or mere rudimentary awns to the abortive 

 ray-akenes : /eaves all or all but the very lowest alternate. — True Escelia. 



1 . E. Californica, Xutt. "Woody at base, 2 to 4 feet high, strong-scented ; 

 minutely pubescent and rather hoary, or becoming green and smoother : leaves (an 

 inch or two long) varying from ovate to broadly lanceolate, entire or occasionally 

 repand-toothed, rather indistinctly 3-ribbed from the base, abruptly petioled, the 

 broader ones rounded at base : involucre white-villous : rays numerous, an inch 

 long, 2-4 toothed at the end : akenes obovate, very long-villous on the callous 

 margins, the notch at summit very shallow. 



Dry It ills near the coast, Santa Barbara to San Diego, and thence to the tola, where it is vari- 

 able, often smaller, depauperate, apparently including all that has been referred to E. eon.--; 

 Benth., of Lower i 'alifurnia. Akenes less emarginate and leaves less narrowed at base than in the 

 Chilian E. oblongifolia. 



2. E. farinosa, ' I ray. Shrubby at the base, silvery-eanescent with a dense and 

 furfuraceous white tomentum, wholly glabrous where this is deciduous: leaves 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate with mostly cuneate base, entire, obtuse, 3-ribbed ai base : 

 Leads rather small and numerous, on slender peduncles, in a naked panicle or 

 corymb : involucre much shorter than the disk ; rays 6 to 10, barely half an inch 

 long: akenes obovate and with a deep narrow notch, long-ciliate. — Emory, Sep. 

 143. E. nivea, Gray in But. Mex. Bound. SS, not of Benth. 



Southeastern California, and adjacent parts of Arizona, Coulter, Parry, Newberry, Cooper. 



§ 2. Akenes villous-ciliati •md with a pappus of % chaffy awns : leaves mostly alter- 

 nate, naked-petioled. — Gefjba, Benth. (Gercea & Simsia § Gerata, Gray.) 



3. E. eriocephala, Gray. Herbaceous (perhaps annual or biennial): stem 

 mostly simple, a loot or so high, leafy toward- the base, naked and simple or loosely 

 corymbose above, sparsely hirsute: leaves very hirsute with long and spreading 

 white hairs, obovate or spatulate. and tapering into a margined petiole, or the upper- 

 -i lanceolate and sessile, mostly with some coarse teeth : scales of the hemispher- 

 ical involucre linear-lam late. loose, green and somewhat villous (as well as -Ian 



dular) on the back, densely villous-ciliate with very long white hairs: rays 12 or 

 more, oblong-obovate, nearly entire: akenes cuneate-obovate, very villous on the 



sides as well as margins, each margin produced at the broadly notched summit into 



a rigid naked persistent awn. Proc Am. Acad. viii. 657. Gercea t, Torr. & 



Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. v. is. Sims\ i [G ■ i) mescens, Gray, PI. Fendl. 85. 

 Fori Mohave, Fori Yuma, and elsewhere along the Colorado and vicinity, C nont, 



