392 COMPOSITE. GaiUardia. 



G. pinnatifida, Toit., of Colorado and New Mexico, may approach California by way of Ari- 

 zona. The following Western species is almost sure to be found along the northern borders of the 

 State, and is therefore admitted. It is the only truly perennial species, except the rare and 

 remarkable G. acaulis, Gray, in Am. Naturalist, ix. 273, recently discovered by Dr. Parry in • 

 Southern Utah. 



1 . Gr. aristata, Pursh. Perennial, a span to a foot or more high : lowest leaves 

 spatulate or oblanceolate, sometimes pinnatifid, tapering into petioles ; the upper 

 sessile and often entire : bristles on the receptacle slender, much longer than the 

 akenes, sometimes almost as long as the corolla : rays 10 to 18, an inch or more in 

 length, yellow, sometimes tinged with purple at the very base. — Lindl. Bot. Peg. 

 t. 1186 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2940. 



Plains and open ground, common through Oregon, extending to the Saskatchewan region. 



79. HELENIUM, Linn. Sneeze-weed. 



Head many-flowered, with numerous or several pistillate (rarely infertile or 

 neutral) rays : disk-flowers small and very numerous, all fertile. Involucre of one 

 or two series of mostly small scales ; the outer ones foliaceous or herbaceous, narrow 

 and unequal ; innermost shorter and more membranaceous ; all spreading and at 

 length reflexed. Receptacle mostly globular or hemispherical, naked. Rays nearly 

 or cpiite destitute of tube, mostly cuneate, palmately 3 — 5-lobed, usually drooping : 

 disk-corollas cylindraceous above the usually very short and narrow proper tube ; 

 the 5 or sometimes 4 teeth short and obtuse, glandular. Style-branches with capi- 

 tate-truncate tips. Akenes turbinate, striate-rihbed, hairy on the ribs. Papjms of 

 5 to 12 thin or lyaline chaffy scales, with or without a midrib, and either blunt, 

 apiculate, or awn-pointed. — Erect simple or branching herbs (N. American and 

 Mexican) ; with all the leaves alternate and all but the lower sessile, often decur- 

 rent into wings on the striate stem ; heads small or large, on naked peduncles 

 terminating the stem or branches ; flowers yellow, or those of the disk at tip turn- 

 ing brownish or purplish (the rays in some eastern species in part brown-purple). 

 Foliage minutely impressed-punctate, or dotted with resinous globules, puberulent 

 or nearly glabrous. — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 202. 



* Heads large, the dish an inch in diameter and the rays about an inch long : root 

 perennial : stems, &c, someiuhat 'woolly-pubescent when, young. 



1. H. Hoopesii, Gray. Stem stout, a foot or two high, leafy to the top, bear- 

 ing 1 to 6 heads on rather slender peduncles : leaves pale, glabrous or becoming so, 

 thickish, entire, oblong-lanceolate, or the lowest spatulate with a long tapering base : 

 rays cuneate-linear and moderately 2 - 3- toothed at tip, these and the involucre 

 tardily reflexed : scales of the pappus lanceolate, gradually tajiering into a subulate 

 or awn-like point, a little shorter than the disk-corolla. — Proc. Acad. Philad. 

 1863, 65. 



Sierra Nevada at Sonora Pass (Braver, Bolander) ; thence to the Pocky Mountains in Colorado. 

 Leaves 2 to 4, or the lowest S to 10, inches long, half an inch to an inch and a half wide. Disk- 

 corolla with a rather long tube. Akenes rather slender. 



2. H. Bolanderi, Gray. Stem stout, a foot or two high, simple or sparingly 

 branched, leafy below : heads on mostly long and naked very thick peduncles en- 

 larging at the summit : leaves obovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire : rays cuneate, 

 3-lobed, deflexed (in the usual manner of the genus) : scales of the pappus lanceolate 

 or subulate, commonly beset with 3 or 4 almost setiform teeth, and tapering into a 

 slender awn which almost equals the disk-corolla. — Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 358. 



