416 COMPOSITE. Arnica. 



long, an inch or so wide ; the cauline 2 to 4 pairs. Peduncles 2 or 3 inches long. An ambigu- 

 ous and reduced alpine form in the high ranges east of the Yosemite Valley, Brewer. 



6. A. Ch amiss onis, Less. Differs from the last in its narrower (commonly 

 oblong-lanceolate) acuminate or acute leaves, all but the uppermost with tapering 

 base, the cauline 4 or 5 pairs ; and the pappus barbellate with fine and rather sparse 

 denticulations as in most of the species. — DC. Prodr. vi. 317. 



On the Truckee Biver in Nevada (according to Bot. King Exp.), therefore doubtless also in 

 California, as it is a species of wooded districts : thence northward to Alaska, &c. The plants 

 of the Kocky Mountains, &c, referred to this in the Flora of North America, and later, mainly 

 belong to the next. 



7. A. foliosa, Nutt. A foot or two high, commonly strict, from running root- 

 stocks, tomentose-pubescent, leafy to the top, bearing 3 to 7 corymbose rather 

 small and shortish-peduncled heads : leaves lanceolate, mostly callous-denticulate, 

 and with about 5 parallel nerves or ribs : rays rather short, usually pale yellow. — 

 Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii. 407, excl. var. nana. A. Chamissonis, 

 Torr. & Gray, FL, in part. A. montana, Hook., in part. 



Var. incana, Gray. White with floccose dense wool, which is deciduous with age. 



Wet meadows, in the Sierra Nevada, from Kern Co. (Bothrock) to Oregon ; extending east- 

 ward to the Rocky Mountains and Saskatchewan. In California more commonly the var. incana : 

 Lake Tahoe (Brewer) : Lake Washoe ( Torrey) : Sierra Valley, ' ' in deep water, " Bolander. 

 Leaves from 2 or 3 to 5 or 6 inches long, from 4 lines to an inch in width, mostly obtuse ; the 

 upper closely sessile, the lower with tapering bases or petioles clasping at the insertion. Involu- 

 cre half an inch high, somewhat viscid-glandular under the deciduous pubescence, as is the herb- 

 age generally, not at all hirsute or hispid. Rays 4 or 5 lines long. Akenes minutely hairy or 

 glandular, or nearly glabrous. The white-wooUy form is very striking ; but it passes insensibly 

 into Nuttall's A. foliosa ; of which A. longifolia, Eaton in Bot. King Exp., may be also a form. 



8. A. alpina, Murr., Lsestad. A span to a foot and a half high, more or less 

 hirsute-]mbescent, bearing solitary or sometimes 3 long-peduncled mostly large 

 heads : leaves entire or sparingly denticulate ; the cauline in one to 3 pairs, lanceo- 

 late or linear-lanceolate, the upper ones small ; radical ones spatulate, oblong, or 

 oval, about 3-nerved : rays large, deep yellow. — A. angustifolia, Vahl in Fl. Dan. 

 t. 1524; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. A. fulgens & A. plantaginea, Pursh. 



In the Sierra Nevada (in meadows of Sierra Valley, Leminon, &c. ) ; thence northward through 

 Oregon to the Arctic regions, and east to the Rocky Mountains and plains of the Missouri ; also 

 Greenland and high northern Europe and Asia. ' Exceedingly variable. The Califomian specimens 

 are large and rather broad-leaved forms. Rays three quarters of an inch long. A. alpina is the 

 more appropriate name, and is conceded to be the older ; but we cannot find it in " Murr. Syst. 

 Veg. 1774," as cited by Fries. 



103. HAILLARDELLA, Gray. 



Head several - many-flowered, homogamous; the flowers all fertile. Involucre 

 cylindraceous, naked at base; the scales 7 to 14 in a single series, linear, equal, 

 lightly united into a tube or cup to or above the middle. Eeceptacle flat or barely 

 convex, naked. Corollas like those of the disk in Arnica. Style-branches elongated, 

 hirsute, and produced beyond the long stigmatic lines into an acuminate tip. 

 Akenes linear, flattish, striate-nerved, hirsute. Pappus a single series of (20 to 25) 

 rather stout and rigid strongly ciliate-plumose bristles, about the length of the corolla, 

 bright white. — Acaulescent herbs (of the Sierra Nevada) ; with stout creeping 

 rootstocks, bearing tufts of linear or oblanceolate entire radical leaves, and a simple 

 naked viscid-glandular scape, terminated by a rather large head of yellow flowers. — 

 Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. ii. 442. Eaillardia, Sect. Raillardella, Grajr, Proc. Am. 

 Acad. vi. 550. 



This interesting genus, along with the Hawaiian Eaillardia, seems rather to belong to the 

 Melenioidcw, next to Dubautia ; but the technical characters would cause it to be looked for here, 



