446 CAMPANULACE.E. Githopsis. 



1. GITHOPSIS, EFutt 



Flowers all alike. Calyx with a clavate 10-ribbed tube, and 5 long and 

 narrow foliaceous lobes. Corolla tubular-campanulate, 5-lobed. Filaments short, 

 dilated at the base. Ovary 3-celled : stigmas 3. Capsule clavate, of firm tex- 

 ture, strongly ribbed, crowned with the rigid calyx-lobes of its own length or 

 longer, opening between them by a round hole left by the falling away of the base 

 of the style. Seeds very numerous, between oblong and fusiform, smooth. — The 

 calyx with its long leafy lobes resembles that of Lychnis Githago, whence the 

 generic name. A single, but variable species, published by Nuttall in Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. n. ser. viii. 258. 



1. Gr. specularioid.es, Nutt. Low, annual, an inch to a span high, either 

 almost glabrous or more commonly (the var. hirsuta, Nutt.) the stems or the whole 

 herbage beset with short spreading hairs : leaves lanceolate-oblong or linear, sessile, 

 coarsely toothed : flowers terminating the stem and few branches, slightly pe- 

 duncled, erect : corolla deep blue, usually with a white centre, either shorter or 

 moderately longer than the narrowly linear and rigidly 1 -nerved (rarely few-toothed) 

 calyx-lobes ; its lobes ovate : capsule rigid, either sessile or tapering gradually into 

 a thick and rigid peduncle. — G. calycina, Benth. PL Hartw. 321, a form with 

 short corolla and long calyx-lobes. G. pulchella, Vatke, in Linnsea, xxxvii. 714, 

 the form with longer corolla. 



Open and low grounds, common through the western portion of the State, extending east to 

 the foot-hills and north to Oregon. 



2. SPECULARIA, Heister. 



Flowers all alike, or in the American species dimorphous; i. e. some of the earlier 

 ones smaller and with merely rudimentary corolla which never opens, close-fertilized 

 in the bud ; these with catyx-lobes mostly only 3 or 4. Later are flowers with fully 

 developed corolla, &e. Calyx-tube prismatic or elongated-obconical ; the lobes 5, 

 narrow. Corolla short and broad, wheelshaped when fully expanded, 5-lo"bed. 

 Filaments short. Ovary 3-celled, or sometimes 2-celled : stigmas as many. Capsule 

 more or less elongated, opening by 2 or 3 small lateral valves which leave a round 

 or oval perforation, usually over a partition. Seeds numerous, ovoid, or rounded 

 and flattish, smooth. — Annuals; with sessile or clasping cauline leaves, and terminal 

 and axillary blue or purple flowers. (Dysmicodon and Campylocera, Nutt. 1. c.) 



1. S. biflora, Gray. Stems slender : leaves closely sessile, ovate or oblong, 

 somewhat crenately toothed, the upper gradually reduced to lanceolate bracts, 

 which are at length shorter than the flowers they subtend : flowers one or two in 

 each axil, nearly sessile ; the lower ones mostly with a calyx of 3 or 4 ovate or 

 subulate short lobes and no developed petals ; the upper and later ones with 5 

 longer lanceolate-subulate calyx-lobes, which are shorter than the developed corolla : 

 capsule oblong-cylindraceous or obscurely prismatic, inconspicuously ribbed, the 

 valvular openings just below the summit : seeds lenticular. — Campanula biflora, 

 Euiz & Pav. Fl. Per. ii. 55, t. 200, f. 6. 0. Montevidensis, Spreng. 1 C. Ludo- 

 viciana, Torr. Dysmicodon Calif 'ornicum & ovatum, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 n. ser. viii. 257. 



Open grounds, near towns and settlements along the coast : perhaps introduced, hoth here and 

 in the Southern Atlantic States, from S. America. A span to a foot or more in height, simple 

 or with few branches, glabrous, except usually a line of minute and stout bristles turned back- 

 wards which roughen the angles of the stem and sometimes of the calyx-tube, also on the 

 margins and veins of the leaves. The principal stem-leaves only half an inch long. Fully 



