Campanula. CAMPAXULACE^E. 447 



developed corolla half an inch broad. Capsules about 4 lines long. Intermediate in appear- 

 ance between S. falcata, A. DC, of the < dd World, and S. /» rfoliaia, with which Alph. Uc > au- 

 dolle and others have confounded it ; but quite distinct from both. The name is not a happy 

 one : but there are frequently two flowers in each axil, one later than the other. 



2. S. perfoliata, A. DC. Stouter, a span to two feet high, simple or with sim- 

 ple branches, very leafy throughout, roughish-hairy, rarely almost glabrous : leaves 

 clasping, round-cordate, crenate : flowers sessile in the axils, often clustered, of two 

 kinds, as in the preceding species : capsule oblong or slightly clavate; the valvular 

 openings as low as the middle. 



Open grounds, Plumas Co. (Lcnimon) to Oregon, and common through the Atlantic States ; 

 also in Mexico. 



3. HETEROCODON, Nutt. 



Flowers of two sorts ; the lower and earlier ones with merely rudimentary corolla 

 and fertilized in the bud. Calyx with obovate or inversely pyramidal tube much 

 shorter than the foliaceous lobes; these are broadly ovate, sharply toothed, veiny. 

 3 or -1 in the earlier, 5 in the later flowers. Corolla short-campanulate, 5-lobed. 

 Stamens and style as in Campanula. Capsule 3-celled, 3-angled, very thin and 

 membranaceous, the delicate walls bursting indefinitely on the sides. Seeds numer- 

 ous, oblong, obscurely triangular. — Nutt. 1. c. viii. 255. A single species. 



1. H. rariflorum, Xutt. A very delicate little annual, sparsely bristly-hirsute, 

 otherwise glabrous, with leafy filiform stems 3 to 20 inches long, diffusely branch- 

 ing: leaves rounded and with cordate base, partly clasping, acutely and coarsely 

 many-toothed, thin, 3 to G lines wide : flowers terminal becoming lateral, also axil- 

 lary, solitary, sessile: calyx-lobes foliaceous, 1 to 3 lines long, rather shorter than 

 the well-developed pale blue corolla, mostly longer than the capsule, the sides of 

 which give way vaguely in age, but not by halves. 



Shady and grassy places, from Napa Co. and Mariposa Co. (at 4,000 feet) to Oregon : also 

 collected in the mountains of Nevada. Reduced by Bentham and Hooker to Campanula, but 

 better kept up. 



4. CAMPANULA, Tourn. Bellfloweb. 



Flowers all alike. Calyx-lobes narrow. Corolla campanulatc or near it, 5-lobed 

 or 5-cleft. Stamens 5 : filaments dilated at base. Capsule short, 3 - 5-celled, open- 

 in.' on the sides or near the base by 3 to 5 small uplifted valves leaving round per- 

 forations, many-seeded. — Chiefly perennial herbs, all of the northern hemisphere, 

 many with showy flowers ; the inflorescence centrifugal or irregular. 



The few California?! tin 1 1 all the North American) species are blue-flowered, destitute of any 



append iges between the calyx-lobes, and the stigmas and cells of the capsule only three. 



* Stem-leaves all litu or or lanceolot, and < ntire. 



1. C. rotundifolia, Linn. A span to a foot high, glabrous, slender and weal; : 

 I leaves roundish ovate or bean shaped and toothed, on slender petioles, 

 withering away : stem-leaves all narrow : flowers several on slender peduncles which 

 no nodding in fruit: calyx-lobes very slender : corolla campauulate: pod opening 

 by small h iles or valves .lose to the base. 



This, the common species round the northern hemisphere, occui a< < thi ! ■ ■: |i ol 

 north and cast, and doubtless within the limits, growing in ci 

 The corolla varies from half an inch to an inch in length. 



* * Stem-leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolale, toothed: capsules apparently not dro 

 infruit, and opening by holes above tin base. Species peculiar to California, except 

 the first, which extendi northwards. 



