452 ERICACEAE. Arbutus. 



flesh-colored flowers in a terminal panicle or cluster of racemes. — Genus of a few 

 species in the warm-temperate portions of the Old World, among them the Straw- 

 berry-tree, the fruit of which is eatable, two or three in Mexico, and our well-known 

 Madrono, viz. 



1. A. Menziesii, Pursh. A handsome tree, or southwards a shrub, with very 

 hard wood, and close and smooth bark turning brownish red (the older exfoliating) : 

 leaves oval or oblong, either entire or serrulate, pale beneath, bright green above : 

 racemes dense, minutely tomentose : corolla almost globular, white : berries dry, 

 orange-colored (hardly eatable), with surface granulate. — Xutt. Sylv. iii. 42, t. 95. 

 A. procera, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1753. A. laurifoliu, Lindl. Bot. Beg. 

 xxv. t. 67, a smaller-leaved Mexican form. 



Along the coast ranges and sparingly on the foot-hills, extending north to Puget Sound, and 

 southeastward into Mexico and Texas. In the northern coast ranges this is sometimes a mag- 

 nificent tree, 80 or 100 feet high, with trunk from one to three feet in diameter. Indeed, a tree 

 in Marin Co., north of Tamalpais, measured 23 feet in circumference at the smallest part of the 

 trunk below the branches, and some of the main branches were 2 or 3 feet in diameter. South of 

 San Francisco Bay it is usually a small spreading tree or a large shrub. 



3. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adanson. Manzanita. 



Flowers like those of Arbutus (but occasionally 4-rnerous and 8-androus), except 

 that the 5 to 10 cells of the ovary contain each a single suspended ovule, and the 

 berry -like fruit a circle of 5 to 10 separate or separable bony seed-like stones, or else 

 these cohere more or less, sometimes completely into a solid seveTal-celled or by abor- 

 tion occasionally 1-celled stone. — Shrubs or small trees; with the alternate leaves cori- 

 aceous and persistent (in all but an arctic-alpine species), either entire or with a few 

 irregular teeth ; the white or rose-colored flowers in terminal often clustered racemes. 

 — Gray in Pacif. B. Bep. iv. 116, note; Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. ii. 581. Gomaro- 

 staphylis, Zucc. Xerobotrys & Xylococcus, jSTutt. Daphnidostaphylis, Klotzsch. 



The greater part of the species are Californian (including the Uva-ursi, which extends round 

 the world) : their discrimination is difficult. As to the genera proposed by Zuccarini, Nuttall, 

 and Klotzsch, mainly upon the concretion of the stones of the fruit, this sometimes takes place 

 even in A. Uva-ursi, and is variable in our other species. A. xmngens and A. ylauca, otherwise 

 hardly distinguishable, differ greatly in this respect. 



§ 1. Drupe not warty ; the flesh at maturity mealy ; the stones commonly separate or 

 separable, at least some of them, not rarely some of them united or 2-celled 

 and 2-seeded : bracts firm and persistent. 



* Ovary and depressed-globose fruit more or less pubescent : branchlets often hispid. 



1. A. Andersonii, Gray. Erect, 6 or 10 feet high : branchlets minutely tomen- 

 tose when young, hispid with long and white bristly hairs : leaves thin-coriaceous, 

 green and glabrous, except the bristles on the midrib beneath, lanceolate-oblong or 

 ovate-lanceolate with a strongly sagittate-cordate base, sessile or nearly so, mucro- 

 nate-pointed, mostly spinulose-serrulate (2 or 3 inches long) : fruiting pedicels about 

 equalling the bracts : drupes reddish, much depressed, 4 or 5 lines in diameter, 

 densely clothed with exceedingly viscid bristles. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 83. 



In the mountains behind Santa Cruz, among redwoods (Big-tree Grove), Dr. Anderson. Fila- 

 ments somewhat hirsute. Bark paler than in the Manzanitas. 



2. A. tomentosa, Dougl. Erect, 2 to 6 feet high, tomentose when young, 

 hispid with long spreading hairs on the branchlets, petioles, &c, but these some- 

 times nearly wanting : leaves thick and very rigid-coriaceous, varying from oblong- 

 lanceolate to ovate and even cordate, entire, rarely serrulate, often cuspidate-mucro- 

 nate, usually becoming vertical (one or two inches long) : flowers in very short 



