SCROPHULARIACEJE. 547 



lower) lobes. Ovary 2-celled, the placenta; being firmly united in the axis (or in 

 Mimulus § Diplacus little if at all so) : ovules very numerous or occasionally few ; 

 anatropous or amphitropous. Seeds mostly small. — Herbs, or sometimes shrubs, 

 very rarely trees, destitute of colored juice, with the general inflorescence indeter- 

 minate in all genuine members of the order, but when compound the partial in- 

 florescence determinate, i. e. the axillary clusters are cymes : in Veronica, &c, in- 

 determinate, i. e. racemes or spikes. 



A large and wide-spread family, of over 150 genera, numerously represented in California. 

 Generally bitterish, many inert, some narcotic-poisonous, the common Foxglove (Digitalis) of 

 Europe useful in medicine and ornamental in cultivation, as are species of PeiUslcmon, Collinsia, 

 Mimulus, and others. 



I. Upper lip of the corolla covering the lower in the bud. 

 * Stamens all five present and anther-bearing. 



1. Verbascum. Corolla wheel-shaped. Filaments woolly. Leaves alternate. 



* * Stamens two pairs with anthers, or one pair in No. 4 : capsule opening by holes or chinks 

 near the apex : corolla personate, gibbous or spurred at base anteriorly : peduncles 1 -flowered. 



2. Linaria. Corolla strongly bilabiate, spurred at base. 



3. Antirrhinum. Corolla only saccate or gibbous at base. Stamens 4. 



1. Mohavea. Corolla merely gibbous at base. Fertile stamens 2 : anthers conflucntly 1 -celled. 



* * * Stamens two pairs with anthers : capsule opening from top to bottom by valves : leaves all 



opposite or whorled. 

 -f- Stigma small and entire or minutely 2-cleft : calyx 5-parted. 



5. Scrophularia. Corolla erect, short and ventrieose, with 5 short lobes ; the anterior one 



reflexed, the others erect: a scale in the throat on the upper side answers to the fifth 

 stamen. Peduncles cymosely several-flowered. 



6. Collinsia. Corolla declined, with ventrieose tube gibbous posteriorly, bilabiate, the middle 



lobe of the lower lip folded lengthwise into a sac which encloses the stamens and style : a 

 gland on the base of the corolla answers to the fifth stamen. Peduncles 1-flowered. 



7. Tonella. Corolla obscurely if at all bilabiate ; the lobes rotately spreading, Bat: otherwise 



nearly as ' bllinsia. 



8. Pentstemon. ( orolla more or less bilabiate, open. Sterile filament of the fifth (posterior) 



siane ii long and conspicuous. 



-i--t- Stigma dilated, 2-lipped, or a broad disk : peduncles all 1-flowered. 



9. Mimulus. Calyx S-tnotlied or barely 5-cleft, ."angled. Cells of the anther contiguous. 



10. Stemodia. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Cells of the anther separated, as if stalked. 



* » « « Stamens only a single pair with anthers ; the anterior pair reduced to sterile filaments 

 or sometimes wanting altogether : capsule opening from top to bottom by valves : stigma of 2 

 flat lobes : calyx 5-parted : leaves all opposite : peduncles 1-flowered. 



11. Gratiola. Sterile filaments simple or none. Capsule 4-vdlved. 



12. Hysanthes. Sterile filaments unequally 2-forkeo, borne high on the throat of the corolla. 



1 1. Lower lip of tho corolla covering the upper in the bud. 

 » Corolla rotate or short-campanulato, not evidently bilabiate. 



13. Limosella. Calyx (5-toothed) and corolla (5-cleft) campanulate, nearly regular. Stami 



nearly equal tntl nfluently 1-celled. Peduncles scape-like, 1-flowi 



It. Syuthyris. Calyx [-parted. Corolla l-lobed, campanulate. Stamens 2 : anthers 2-celled. 

 Flowers racemod. Leaves alternate. 



15. Veronica. Calyx (-parted, Corolla rotate, l-lobed; the lower lobe narrower. Stamens 



2: colls of the anther confluent at their tips. Flo emed and 



oppo 



. . Corolla tubular; the upper lip or incurved, laterally compres ed ; the lower 



various: stamens ascending under or enclosed in the upper 1 i j » : capsule foculicidal : flowers 

 mcd. 

 +- Anthers unequally 2-colled or sometimi l colled. 



16. Castilleia. ' orolla n utow, with lower lip very short, or small in proportion to the upper. 



i !- tubul ii. cleft anteriorly or posteriorly or both. Mostly perennials. 



